IAG-IASPEI 2017

講演情報

Oral

Joint Symposia » J07. Tracking the sea floor in motion

[J07-3] Tracking the sea floor in motion III

2017年8月3日(木) 13:30 〜 15:00 Room 401 (Kobe International Conference Center 4F, Room 401)

Chairs: Narumi Takahashi (NIED/JAMSTEC) , John DeSanto (University of California, San Diego)

14:30 〜 14:45

[J07-3-05] Monitoring submarine fault deformation using direct-path ranging

Florian Petersen, Heidrun Kopp, Dietrich Lange, Katrin Hannemann, Morelia Urlaub (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel)

invited

The seafloor stores crucial information on sub-seafloor processes, including stress, elastic strain, and earthquakes. This information may be extracted through the nascent scientific field of seafloor geodesy. The GeoSEA (Geodetic Earthquake Observatory on the SEAfloor) array uses acoustic signals for direct-path ranging and relative positioning at mm-scale resolution for a period of up to 3.5 years. The transponders also include high-precision pressure sensors to monitor vertical movements and dual-axis inclinometers in order to measure their altitude as well as any change in submarine fault zones and characterizing their behavior (locked or aseismically creeping). A further component of the network is GeoSURF, a self-steering autonomous surface vehicle (Wave Glider), which monitors system health and is able to upload the seafloor data to the sea surface and to transfer it via satellite. Seafloor transponders are currently installed across a dextral strike-slip fault to measure the instability of the eastern flank of Mt Etna in Sicily, and along the North Anatolian Fault offshore Istanbul to measure the strain build-up along the fault in a seismic gap. In addition, three arrays are currently deployed on the marine forearc and outer rise of the North Chilean subduction zone system. This segment of the Nazca-South American plate boundary has last ruptured in an earthquake in 1877 and was identified as a seismic gap prior to the 2014 Iquique earthquake (Mw 8.1). The southern portion of the segment remains unbroken by a recent earthquake. The first 12 month of all geodetic installations were analyzed and we discuss baselines with precision less than 5 mm for ranges up to 2000 m of distance and compare them with synthetic baselines. In all three tectonic settings, the obtained baseline changes remain within the resolution limits. In the case of the North Anatolian Fault, this suggests a locked fault zone.