○Chiaki Kinouchi¹, Eiko Suzuki², Yuko Takayama ³, Shigeko Shibata⁴, Atsuko Kobiyama⁵, Maki Matsuo³ (1. Iwate University of Health and Medical Sciences, 2. International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, 3. Tokyo Healthcare University, 4. Kyorin University, 5. Bunkyo Gakuin University)

○kashiwa michi¹, tikayo koyama² (1. School of Health Sciences,Niigata University, 2. Graduate School of Health Sciences,Niigata University)

○Yuri Kasamatsu¹ (1. Otemae university)

○Junko Senda¹, Eri Shinoki² (1. Tukuba Medical Center Hospital, 2. Division of Nursing,Chiba Faculty of Nursing,Tokyo Healthcare University)

○Mayumi Watanabe¹, Masako Kanai-Pak¹ (1. College of Nursing, kanto Gakuin University)

○Satoko Inose¹, Kikuko Iwanaga² (1. Nagano Prefectural shinshu Medical Center, 2. Niigata College of Nursing)

○Moriki Taeko¹ (1. Nursing Course,Kochi Medical School,Kochi University)

○Rumi Tanabe¹, Keiko Matsumoto² (1. Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, 2. Kagawa University)

○Itsuka Furuya^1,4, Miwako Tomita^1,4, Ikuko Miyabayashi², Kazuyo Iwanaga², Ayako Ura², Chizuko Yoshikawa², Yoko Ishibashi³ (1. Graduate school of nursing,master course,Fukuoka University, 2. Graduate school of nursing,Fukuoka University, 3. Department of nursing,Fukuoka University, 4. Fukuoka University Hospital)

○Sato Kyoko¹, Suzuki Eiko², Matsuo Maki³ (1. Department of Nursing, Shoin University , 2. International University of Health and Welfare Graduate school, 3. Tokyo Healthcare University)

○sayuri kaneko¹, etuko imoto¹, tumako kawasaki², masako matuura³, akiko williamson⁴, sui hiraoka⁵ (1. Nagano College of Nursing, 2. Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital, 3. Japanese Red Cross Toyota College of Nursing, 4. Kobe University Hospital, 5. Nagoya City University Hospital)

○Harue Adachi¹, Chikako Oda², Akiko Kondo³ (1. shubun university faculty of nursing, 2. fujita health university faculty of nursing of health sciences, 3. tokyo medical and dental university graduate school of health care sciences)

○OGATA AKEMI¹, yamaguti seiko¹ (1. yokohamashintoshi neurosurgicar hospital)

○Mayumi Makino¹, Mayumi Kato², Sanae Naruse³, Kiyoko Izumi⁴, Tomiko Takeuchi⁵ (1. University of Toyama, 2. Kanazawa University, 3. Fukui Health Sciences University, 4. Teikyo University of Science, 5. Toyama Prefectural University)

○AKEMI TSTRUTA¹, HITOMI MAEDA² (1. Department of Nursing,St.mary's College, 2. Faculty of Life Sciences, the Graduate School of Kumamoto University)

○HIBINO FUMIYO¹, SHINOKI ERI², FUJIWARA NORIKO³, SAKAMOTO SUGA⁴ (1. Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital , 2. Tokyo Healthcare University, Chiba Faculty of Nursing, 3. IMSUT Hospital,The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4. Tokyo Healthcare University, Department of Healthcare)

○yosida chieko¹, Kimiya Takayo², Itou Mika² (1. nihonnkoukann Hospital, 2. Department of Nurshing,heisei University)

○Noriko Ishikawa¹, Yukie Tamura¹, Mitue Iso¹, Masashi Takeyama¹ (1. Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University)

○Yuko Kohama¹, Yumiko Kasai², Yoko Ushio² (1. Department of Nursing,Tokyo Junshin University , 2. Department of Nursing,Kawasaki City College of Nursing)