[PK-1-3] The Association between Cognitive Reserve and IADL Performance in Persons with Subjective Cognitive Decline in Taiwan
Subjective cognitive decline(SCD) is considered the preclinical manifestation of Alzheimer Disease(AD); it is defined as self-perceived cognitive decline, which may affect functional performance. Compared with BADL and IADL functions, studies showed a stronger relationship between cognitive and IADL functions. In addition, IADL difficulties could help predict the risk of incident dementia in SCD patients, clarifying the factors affecting their IADL functions are therefore crucial in developing strategies to prevent further disabilities for SCD patients.
"Cognitive reserve" is the active form of reserve. It describes the acquired brain stimulations and the cognitive compensating skills which cope with anatomical brain damage. CR has been found to have a relationship with cognitive performance. But few studies explore the relationship between CR and IADL performance in SCD patients.
Since CR is a hypothetical concept, "Proxy" is used to explain the quantities of cognitive reserve. Generally, the proxy is classified into "Static CR Proxy" and "Dynamic CR Proxy", where "Static CR Proxy" remains stable in a specific timeframe. In contrast, "Dynamic CR Proxy" fluctuates over a lifetime. Because of that, "Dynamic CR Proxy" has proved superior to "Static CR Proxy" in predicting cognitive performance in the presence of AD pathology. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between cognitive reserve and IADL performance by using both static and dynamic CR proxy.
45 SCD participants via neurologists’ diagnosis and referral were recruited in medical centers in Taipei. Two-factor Index of Social Position, which weights factors including the years of education and the occupational complexity, was used as the static CR proxy measure. The Florida Cognitive Activities Scale (FCAS) scores were used as the dynamic CR proxy by measuring the frequent cognitive activities in older adults. The scores of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire(EMQ ) were used as the measurement of subjective deterioration in functional performance. In contrast, the Brief UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment(UPSA-Brief) scores were used as the objective IADL performance measurement. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used with static and dynamic CR Proxy as independent variables, both subjective and objective functional performance as dependent variables, and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-S) along with the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) scores as covariates. Our study assumed that static and dynamic proxies were related to subjective and objective IADL performances, while the relationship between dynamic proxies and IADL performances is stronger.
"Cognitive reserve" is the active form of reserve. It describes the acquired brain stimulations and the cognitive compensating skills which cope with anatomical brain damage. CR has been found to have a relationship with cognitive performance. But few studies explore the relationship between CR and IADL performance in SCD patients.
Since CR is a hypothetical concept, "Proxy" is used to explain the quantities of cognitive reserve. Generally, the proxy is classified into "Static CR Proxy" and "Dynamic CR Proxy", where "Static CR Proxy" remains stable in a specific timeframe. In contrast, "Dynamic CR Proxy" fluctuates over a lifetime. Because of that, "Dynamic CR Proxy" has proved superior to "Static CR Proxy" in predicting cognitive performance in the presence of AD pathology. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between cognitive reserve and IADL performance by using both static and dynamic CR proxy.
45 SCD participants via neurologists’ diagnosis and referral were recruited in medical centers in Taipei. Two-factor Index of Social Position, which weights factors including the years of education and the occupational complexity, was used as the static CR proxy measure. The Florida Cognitive Activities Scale (FCAS) scores were used as the dynamic CR proxy by measuring the frequent cognitive activities in older adults. The scores of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire(EMQ ) were used as the measurement of subjective deterioration in functional performance. In contrast, the Brief UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment(UPSA-Brief) scores were used as the objective IADL performance measurement. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used with static and dynamic CR Proxy as independent variables, both subjective and objective functional performance as dependent variables, and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-S) along with the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) scores as covariates. Our study assumed that static and dynamic proxies were related to subjective and objective IADL performances, while the relationship between dynamic proxies and IADL performances is stronger.