[H-CG28] 農業残渣焼却のもたらす大気汚染と健康影響および解決への道筋

[HCG28-02] 北西インドにおける温室効果ガス生成とわら焼却抑制への影響因子と持続可能な土壌管理

★招待講演

*犬伏 和之¹、須藤 重人²、西原 英治³、村尾 るみこ⁴、Mohan CHANDRA⁵、Kamal VATTA⁶、林田 佐智子^4,7 (1.千葉大学、2.農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農業環境研究部門、3.鳥取大学、4.総合地球環境学研究所、5.ラブリープロフェッショナル大学、6.パンジャブ農業大学、7.奈良女子大学)

キーワード：温室効果ガス、土壌肥沃度、わら焼却、持続可能な管理

Soil is supporting sustainable food production with water, climate and nutrients in long-term. Rice-wheat cropping system in Northwest India has been established since green revolution, based on modern varieties and sufficient water and nutrients. However due to decrease of water availability and intensive continuos cropping, soil fertility and soil organic matter contents started to decline (Padre et al. 2007, Fig. 1) and miss-managements of crop residues induce environmental problems such as air pollution. We have initiated India-Japan collaborative research project named Aakash to study sustainable straw management to reduce air pollution, such as assessing alternative crops rather than rice or wheat, smart straw managements including minimum tillage and biochar, monitoring straw burning by satellite and human health conditions by small sensors and questionnaires. In the international research project, there are 3 working groups (WG) and WG1 will examine 1) the effect of incentives aimed at promoting behavioral changes in farmers from socioeconomic view point and 2) the various alternatives to burning straw from agronomic viewpoint. As for mitigation to reduce greenhouse gases from paddy soil, crop residue should be managed properly, such as biochar shown in south India (Senari et al. 2020, Fig. 2), influencing by soil conditions and physico-chemical and biological properties (Hanazawa et al. 2015). We need further investigation to reduce straw burning for sustainable agriculture and healthy life.
Acknowledgement: This study is supported by RIHN [Research Institute for Humanity and Nature; Aakash (An interdisciplinary study towards clean air, public health and sustainable agriculture) Project].
Tirol-Padre, A., Ladha, J.K., Regmi, A.P., Bhandari, A.L. and Inubushi, K. 2007, Organic amendments affect soil parameters in two long-term rice-wheat experiments, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 71, 442-452.
Hanazawa, S., Baba, S. and Inubushi, K. 2015, Greenhouse gas production in various types of rice cropping soil, Annual Meet. Jpn. Soc. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 61, 38.
Senari, K., Inubushi, K., Yamamoto, A., Ono, K., Sudo, S., Hayashida, S., Saitoh, N. and Ambethgar, V. 2020, Effect of rice straw, biochar and nitrogen on greenhouse gases production in paddy soils in south India (Part 2), Trop. Agr. Dev., 13, 73-74.