[P-PS05] 火星と火星衛星

[PPS05-P09] Mars landing missions by Japan: Its strategy and sciences

*関根 康人¹、臼井 寛裕²、長谷川 精⁴、関 華奈子³、福士 圭介⁵、藤田 和央²、山田 和彦²、鈴木 宏二郎³、永田 靖典²、佐伯 孝尚²、吉光 徹雄²、森 治²、山崎 敦² (1.東京工業大学地球生命研究所、2.JAXA宇宙科学研究所、3.東京大学、4.高知大学、5.金沢大学)

キーワード：火星、太陽系探査、着陸探査

This paper discusses strategies for landing exploration on Mars. In particular, we will discuss the steps for acquiring the technology, the science goals at each stage, and the science we are aiming for in the eventual full-scale rover exploration of Mars. In particular, for the final phase of a 200-kg-size rover mission to Mars in the late 2030s and beyond, the sulfate dune area in the Martian north-pole region is a candidate for landing. The sulfate is thought to be evaporites of liquid brine that flowed out in the near past due to the breakup of an ice-bottom lake at the bottom of the polar cap. By conducting chemical, mineral, and organic analyses of the sulfate salt evaporites, we aim to determine the quality of water chemistry and habitability on present-day or recent past Mars. In addition, the sulfate dune area is known for the appearance of dark spots during the summer. Perchlorate brines are likely involved in formation of these dark spots in interdunes. The north-pole sulfate dune regions are ideal landing sites for studying the present-day water cycles and water environments.