16:30 〜 16:45
[HCG26-10] Sustainable soil and organic matter managements for reducing straw burning, greenhouse gas productions, and their influencing factors examined in Punjabee field in India
キーワード：わら焼き、温室効果ガス放出、土壌肥沃度、炭素収支
Soil is supporting sustainable food production with water, climate and nutrients in long-term. Rice-wheat cropping system in Northwest India has been established since green revolution, based on modern varieties and sufficient water and nutrients. However due to decrease of water availability and intensive continuous cropping, soil fertility and soil organic matter contents started to decline (Padre et al. 2007) and miss-managements of crop residues induce environmental problems such as air pollutions and even human health (Korav et al. 2022).
We have continued India-Japan collaborative research project named Aakash* since 2020 to study sustainable straw management to reduce air pollution, such as assessing alternative crops rather than rice or wheat, smart straw managements including minimum tillage and biochar, monitoring straw burning by satellite and health conditions by small sensors and questionnaires.
In the international research project, there are 3 working groups (WG) and WG1 has promoted to examine 1) the effects of incentives aimed at promoting behavioral changes in farmers from socioeconomic view point and 2) the various alternatives to burning straw from agronomic viewpoint. As for mitigation to reduce greenhouse gases from arable soil, crop residue should be managed properly, such as biochar. In LPU campus, we established field experiment to investigate the effects of two kinds of biochar (made from rice husk and rice straw) on soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions. After 2 seasons of field experiment, soil total C and N were increased by rice-husk biochar application, but not by rice straw biochar nor chemical fertilizers. Greenhouse (CO2, CH4 and N2O) gas emission was measured by chamber method and GC, and calculated as CO2eq by using Global Warming Potential (IPCC), resulting that CO2 was dominant among three gases and not significantly increased to compare with control (chemical fertilizer application only), indicating sustainable carbon neutral system. Carbon balance will be discussed.
* Acknowledgement: This research is supported by Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN: a constituent member of NIHU) Project No. 14200133 (Aakash: An interdisciplinary study toward clean air, public health and sustainable agriculture)
We have continued India-Japan collaborative research project named Aakash* since 2020 to study sustainable straw management to reduce air pollution, such as assessing alternative crops rather than rice or wheat, smart straw managements including minimum tillage and biochar, monitoring straw burning by satellite and health conditions by small sensors and questionnaires.
In the international research project, there are 3 working groups (WG) and WG1 has promoted to examine 1) the effects of incentives aimed at promoting behavioral changes in farmers from socioeconomic view point and 2) the various alternatives to burning straw from agronomic viewpoint. As for mitigation to reduce greenhouse gases from arable soil, crop residue should be managed properly, such as biochar. In LPU campus, we established field experiment to investigate the effects of two kinds of biochar (made from rice husk and rice straw) on soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions. After 2 seasons of field experiment, soil total C and N were increased by rice-husk biochar application, but not by rice straw biochar nor chemical fertilizers. Greenhouse (CO2, CH4 and N2O) gas emission was measured by chamber method and GC, and calculated as CO2eq by using Global Warming Potential (IPCC), resulting that CO2 was dominant among three gases and not significantly increased to compare with control (chemical fertilizer application only), indicating sustainable carbon neutral system. Carbon balance will be discussed.
* Acknowledgement: This research is supported by Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN: a constituent member of NIHU) Project No. 14200133 (Aakash: An interdisciplinary study toward clean air, public health and sustainable agriculture)