Takashige Yamada¹,Yoshifumi Kotake²,Kazuo Tomizawa¹,Midori Matsumoto¹ (1.Department of Anesthesiology, Kyosai Tachikawa Hospital, Japan 2.Department of Anesthesiology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Japan)

Yusuke Iizuka¹,Masamitsu Sanui¹,Michio Nagashima¹,Hiroshi Koyama¹,Tetsuya Komuro¹,Hideyuki Mouri¹,Tetsu Ohnuma¹,Tomoyuki Masuyama¹,Mizuki Sato¹,Ai Kawamura¹,Koichi Matsuo² (1.Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan 2.Department of Internal Medicine, Misato Kenwa Hospital, Japan)

Keizo Ikemune¹,Yoko Desaki¹,Amane Konishi²,Kotaro Kikuchi²,Ayako Kukida²,Tasuku Nishihara²,Yuki Numata¹,Katsuko Nishida²,Toshihiro Yorozuya³,Kentaro Dote¹,Takumi Nagaro² (1.Intensive Care Division, Ehime University Hospital, Japan 2.Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Ehime, Japan 3.Surgical Division, Ehime University Hospital, Japan)

Takashi Tagami^1,4,Ryoichi Tosa^2,4,Mariko Omura^2,4,Hiroyuki Yokota^1,4,Shigeki Kushimoto^3,4 (1.Departments of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan 2.Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aizu Chuo Hospital, Japan 3.Division of Emergency Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine,Japan 4.PiCCO Pulmonary Edema Study Group)

Hwa-Mi Lee,Ji-Hyun Park,Won-Jung Shin,Gyu-Sam Hwang (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Dynamics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea)