[S-GC16] Volatile Cycles in the Deep Earth - from Subduction Zones to the Mantle and Core

[SGC16-04] On the coexistence of high-Mg andesites and ultramafic volcanic rocks

★招待講演

*三部 賢治¹、川本 竜彦²、小野 重明³ (1.東京大学地震研究所、2.京都大学大学院理学研究科附属地球熱学研究施設、3.独立行政法人海洋研究開発機構)

キーワード：high pressure and high temperature

In order to understand the origin of magmas in the hydrous upper mantle, we have been investigating the phase relation and compositions of phases in the system peridotite-H₂O. Using X-ray radiography technique together with Kawai-type multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus (SPEED-1500, SPring-8, Japan), the second critical endpoint in the peridotite-H₂O system was determined to be at around 3.8 GPa and 1000 ºC (corresponding to a depth of ~ 110 km) [1]. It is possible that two fluid phases (i.e., aqueous fluid and hydrous silicate melt) coexist up to 3.8 GPa. Above 3.8 GPa, however, hydrous silicate melt and aqueous fluid in upper mantle becomes indistinguishable from each other and the melting temperature of hydrous mantle peridotite can no longer be defined beyond this critical condition. Using the quenched recovered samples obtained by Mibe et al. [1], chemical compositions of aqueous fluid, silicate melt, and supercritical fluid magma in the vicinity of second critical endpoint were determined by the electron microprobe analyzer. In the run at 3.6 GPa, the composition of aqueous fluid was high-Mg andesitic, whereas the composition of hydrous silicate melt was komatiitic. Our experimental results indicate that high-Mg andesitic magma and komatiitic magma can be generated at the same time as the liquid-fluid immiscibility near the second critical endpoint in the peridotite-H₂O system. Some natural examples on the coexistence of high-Mg andesites and ultramafic volcanic rocks from various tectonic settings and locations around the world will also be presented.
[1] Mibe, K., M. Kanzaki, T. Kawamoto, K. N. Matsukage, Y. Fei, and S. Ono (2007), Second critical endpoint in the peridotite-H₂O system, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B03201, doi:10.1029/2005JB004125.