[SL1] Why we should personalize dental treatment based on the assessment of oro-facial function.
【略歴（Curriculum Vitae）】Prof. Dr. med. dent. Martin Schimmel, MAS Oral Biol
Swiss Federal Specialist in Reconstructive Dentistry SSO
Martin Schimmel is chairman of the Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology at the School of Dental Medicine of the University of Bern, Switzerland (ZMK Bern). Dr. Schimmel obtained his undergraduate dental degree and the academic degree “Dr. med. dent.” from the University of Mainz, Germany. The University of Geneva (Switzerland) awarded his postgraduate degrees Privat-Docent and MAS Oral Biol. He graduated as Swiss federal specialist for reconstructive dentistry SSO and founded Orophys LLC as a spin-off from the University of Bern. Martin received several academic awards including the IADR Unilever Hatton award for clinical research, first place, senior category and was recently awarded with the 2022 IADR Distinguished Scientist Award in Geriatric Oral Research. Professor Schimmel serves as associate editor for Gerodontology, is member of the editorial board of the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, Clinical Oral Implants Research, Forum Implantologicum and is member of the review boards of the International Journal of Prosthodontics, as well as the Journal of Dentistry (Digital Section). He is past president of the IADR Geriatric Oral Research Group (IADR GORG), past president and treasurer of the European College of Gerodontology (ECG), council member of the Gerodontology Association (GA) and president of the Swiss Society of Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry (SSGS). His professional career comprises wide clinical experience in private practice, university settings and geriatric hospitals. His academic interests include Gerodontology, orofacial hypofunction, CAD / CAM in prosthodontics, and implantology.
【抄録（Abstract）】
The individual inclination to lead an autonomous life until death is associated with requirements that may be of physiological, psychosocial, and environmental nature. Each individual has present and future potentials related to biologic prerequisites and resources that are developed by an individual through the course of life. These potentials form the Orofacial Functional Capacity. When the individual potentials together do not meet the requirements of life anymore, dysfunction and disease result.
The orofacial system is subject to physiological ageing processes which will inevitably lead to a decrease of the Orofacial Functional Capacity. Furthermore, comorbid medical conditions might hamper orofacial function and, alongside with the ageing process, may lead to a state of oral hypofunction.
Currently, there is a lack of widespread, validated, easy-to-use instruments that help to distinguish between states of orofacial fitness as opposed to oral hypofunction. There are few specific clinical management strategies for maintenance or rehabilitation of orofacial function, like for jaw exercises (for, e.g., reduced jaw opening capacity or temporomandibular disorders, lip training (for, e.g., improving swallowing function in stroke patients). However, there is no holistic management strategy to improve overall orofacial. There is a need for the dental profession to catch up with empirically-based rehabilitation strategies for, e.g., swallowing disorders, and for rehabilitation of lost function following traumatic brain injuries, stroke, or other neurodegenerative diseases.
死ぬまで自律的な生活を送りたいという個人の意向は、生理学的、心理社会的、および環境的性質の要件に関連しています。各個人は、人生の過程で個人によって開発された生物学的前提条件とリソースに関連する現在および将来の潜在力を持っています。これらの潜在力は、口腔顔面機能能力を形成します。個々の潜在力が共に生活上の要件を満たさなくなると、機能障害と病気が発生します。
口腔顔面システムは生理学的老化プロセスの影響を受け、必然的に口腔顔面機能能力の低下につながります。さらに、併存する病状は、口腔顔面機能を妨げる可能性があり、老化プロセスとともに、口腔機能が低下した状態につながる可能性があります。
現在、口腔機能低下と対比して口腔顔面の健康状態を区別するのに役立つ、広く検証された使いやすい器具が不足しています。顎運動エクササイズ（例えば、開口障害のある顎関節症患者のための）や唇のトレーニング（例えば、脳卒中患者の嚥下機能の改善のための）のように、特定の口腔顔面機能の維持またはリハビリテーションのための臨床管理戦略はわずかにあります。しかし、口腔顔面機能全体を改善するためのホリスティックな管理戦略はありません。歯科医療専門職種は、嚥下障害、および外傷性脳損傷、脳卒中、またはその他の神経変性後の失われた機能のリハビリテーションのために、経験に基づいたリハビリテーション戦略の確立を急ぐ必要があります。
The individual inclination to lead an autonomous life until death is associated with requirements that may be of physiological, psychosocial, and environmental nature. Each individual has present and future potentials related to biologic prerequisites and resources that are developed by an individual through the course of life. These potentials form the Orofacial Functional Capacity. When the individual potentials together do not meet the requirements of life anymore, dysfunction and disease result.
The orofacial system is subject to physiological ageing processes which will inevitably lead to a decrease of the Orofacial Functional Capacity. Furthermore, comorbid medical conditions might hamper orofacial function and, alongside with the ageing process, may lead to a state of oral hypofunction.
Currently, there is a lack of widespread, validated, easy-to-use instruments that help to distinguish between states of orofacial fitness as opposed to oral hypofunction. There are few specific clinical management strategies for maintenance or rehabilitation of orofacial function, like for jaw exercises (for, e.g., reduced jaw opening capacity or temporomandibular disorders, lip training (for, e.g., improving swallowing function in stroke patients). However, there is no holistic management strategy to improve overall orofacial. There is a need for the dental profession to catch up with empirically-based rehabilitation strategies for, e.g., swallowing disorders, and for rehabilitation of lost function following traumatic brain injuries, stroke, or other neurodegenerative diseases.
死ぬまで自律的な生活を送りたいという個人の意向は、生理学的、心理社会的、および環境的性質の要件に関連しています。各個人は、人生の過程で個人によって開発された生物学的前提条件とリソースに関連する現在および将来の潜在力を持っています。これらの潜在力は、口腔顔面機能能力を形成します。個々の潜在力が共に生活上の要件を満たさなくなると、機能障害と病気が発生します。
口腔顔面システムは生理学的老化プロセスの影響を受け、必然的に口腔顔面機能能力の低下につながります。さらに、併存する病状は、口腔顔面機能を妨げる可能性があり、老化プロセスとともに、口腔機能が低下した状態につながる可能性があります。
現在、口腔機能低下と対比して口腔顔面の健康状態を区別するのに役立つ、広く検証された使いやすい器具が不足しています。顎運動エクササイズ（例えば、開口障害のある顎関節症患者のための）や唇のトレーニング（例えば、脳卒中患者の嚥下機能の改善のための）のように、特定の口腔顔面機能の維持またはリハビリテーションのための臨床管理戦略はわずかにあります。しかし、口腔顔面機能全体を改善するためのホリスティックな管理戦略はありません。歯科医療専門職種は、嚥下障害、および外傷性脳損傷、脳卒中、またはその他の神経変性後の失われた機能のリハビリテーションのために、経験に基づいたリハビリテーション戦略の確立を急ぐ必要があります。