○Mayumi Kikuchi¹, Tetsuya Sakakibara², Siori Sakai³, Tomoko Hosono⁴ (1. Toho University, 2. The University of Tokyo, 3. Tokyo Metropolitan Universiry, 4. Japanese Red Cross College)

○Masami Kutsumi¹, Kayoko Omura² (1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 2. College of Nursing art and Sciences, University of Hyogo)

○keiko shidooka¹, Naoko Naitoh² (1. Faculty of Nursing,Setsunan University, 2. gifu university of health science,school of nursing)

○yukie kitamura¹, kiyoko aoki², mayumi takaya¹ (1. juntendo university faculty of health care nursing , 2. juntendo university graduate school of health care and nursing)

○Youko Terayama¹, Miyoko Nakano² (1. Kitami Redcross Hospital, 2. Kyoritu Woman’s University)

○Masako Nagase¹, Masae Seo¹, Yukiko Urushido², Koko Muraoka¹ (1. Juntendo University, Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, 2. Juntendo Hospital)

○Rika Moriya¹, Yuko Yamamoto² (1. Faculuty of Nursing, Setsunan University, 2. Department of Nursing and Medical Care, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University)

○Mai Yamada¹, Tomoko Sumiyoshi², Makiko Tubokawa³ (1. Department of Nursing, Health Science University, 2. Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3. Department of Nursing, Niigata University of Health and Welfare)

○Kojiro Hirai¹, Koko Muraoka^2,3 (1. Kawasaki City College of Nursing, 2. Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Juntendo University, 3. Faculty of Nursing, Juntendo University)

○Etsuko Arai¹, Masayo Toume² (1. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 2. Department of Faculty Nursing, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts)

○Nami Saito¹, Miyoko Nakano² (1. Kosimizu Red Cross Hospital, 2. Kyoritsu Women's University)

○Yasuyo Inamata^1,4, Ikuko Miyabayashi², Ayako Ura², kazuyo Iwnaga², Youko Ishibashi³ (1. Graduate school of nursing,master course,Fukuoka University, 2. Graduate school of nursing,Fukuoka University, 3. Depertment of nursing,Fukuoka university, 4. Fukuoka University Hospital)

○Arisa Kojima¹, Rika Yano² (1. Department of Nursing, Tenshi College, 2. Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido Universitey)

○Yuki Kajiwara², Michiko Morimoto¹ (1. Graduate School of Health Sciences,Okayama University, 2. Graduate School of Health Sciences,Okayama University,Master`s degree nursing science)

○kyoko yamawqaki¹ (1. Kochi University Research and Education Faculty Medicin Unit Nursing Sciences Cluster)

○Kaori Uchida^1,2, Kiyoko Aoki³ (1. Division of Nursing, National Defense Medical College, 2. Doctor's Course of Nursing Science, Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Juntendo University, 3. Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Juntendo University)

○Junko Yamanaka¹, Nanae Ikeda² (1. Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women's University , 2. School of Nursing, Mukogawa Women's University)