9:42 AM - 9:54 AM
[US10-07] Potential of stem cell research in prosthodontics: Challenge to tooth regeneration
Keywords:再生医療、MSCs、補綴治療
In recent years, with the remarkable progress in dental treatment techniques and materials, the physical properties of artificial materials used in prosthetic treatment have been replicated to those of living tissues. This has resulted in the creation of an era where both dentists and patients are pursuing greater functionality and esthetic satisfaction; thus, an increasing trend to incorporate regenerative medicine in dental treatment exists.
In 2007, a technique known as the “organ germ method” was reported, which involved separating mouse tooth germ cells into epithelial and mesenchymal components, and then inducing epithelial-mesenchymal interactions through a three-dimensional culture system, resulting in the regeneration of functional teeth. The organ germ method is a groundbreaking approach that can regenerate not only teeth but also periodontal tissues. However, the initial reports used fetal derived tooth germ cells; thus, whether viable cell sources existed in adults was unclear. In recent years, tooth regeneration has been performed using the organ germ method in postnatal mouse and dog tooth germs. Furthermore, tooth regeneration using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with the organ germ method has also been reported. However, inducing the formation of a single regenerated tooth from both epithelial and mesenchymal sides using non-dental cells derived from adults remains challenging, and should be investigated in future studies.
Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and somatic stem cells are known cell sources for regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in the bone marrow; our previous research has revealed that certain MSCs in the bone marrow are derived from the neural crest. Furthermore, we successfully generated “MSC-spheroids” that highly express neural crest stem cell-related genes. Thus, we expected to use MSC-spheroids as cell sources for regenerative treatment of the craniofacial region.
Furthermore, we developed a three-stage induction strategy using a stage-specific combination of several signaling molecules to differentiate iPSCs to an ameloblast lineage, which expands the current understanding of regulatory networks during ameloblast differentiation and could provide a cell source for stem cell-based regenerative dentistry.
In 2007, a technique known as the “organ germ method” was reported, which involved separating mouse tooth germ cells into epithelial and mesenchymal components, and then inducing epithelial-mesenchymal interactions through a three-dimensional culture system, resulting in the regeneration of functional teeth. The organ germ method is a groundbreaking approach that can regenerate not only teeth but also periodontal tissues. However, the initial reports used fetal derived tooth germ cells; thus, whether viable cell sources existed in adults was unclear. In recent years, tooth regeneration has been performed using the organ germ method in postnatal mouse and dog tooth germs. Furthermore, tooth regeneration using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with the organ germ method has also been reported. However, inducing the formation of a single regenerated tooth from both epithelial and mesenchymal sides using non-dental cells derived from adults remains challenging, and should be investigated in future studies.
Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and somatic stem cells are known cell sources for regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in the bone marrow; our previous research has revealed that certain MSCs in the bone marrow are derived from the neural crest. Furthermore, we successfully generated “MSC-spheroids” that highly express neural crest stem cell-related genes. Thus, we expected to use MSC-spheroids as cell sources for regenerative treatment of the craniofacial region.
Furthermore, we developed a three-stage induction strategy using a stage-specific combination of several signaling molecules to differentiate iPSCs to an ameloblast lineage, which expands the current understanding of regulatory networks during ameloblast differentiation and could provide a cell source for stem cell-based regenerative dentistry.