[B-GM22_30AM1] 地球惑星科学と微生物生態学の接点

[BGM22-04] 深海底に存在する酸化鉄皮膜地帯での微生物調査

*牧田 寛子¹、菊池 早希子²、布浦 拓郎¹、光延 聖³、平井 美穂¹、高木 善弘¹、山中 寿朗⁴、土岐 知弘⁵、中村 謙太郎⁶、阿部 真理子¹、宮崎 淳一¹、野口 拓郎¹、渡部 裕美¹、高橋 嘉夫²、高井 研¹ (1.（独）海洋研究開発機構、2.広島大学、3.静岡県立大学、4.岡山大学、5.琉球大学、6.東京大学)

キーワード：鉄酸化細菌, バイオシグニチャー, 鉱物学的特徴, 深海, 熱水活動域

Recently, many iron mats have been discovered at deep-sea hydrothermal fields in all over the world. It has been thought that microbes, especially iron-oxidizing microbes, are the key players for forming the iron mats. However, there was no direct evidence to this, due to cultivation difficulty of iron oxidizers. Recently, 'Mariprofundus ferrooxidans' that belong to the Zeta-proteobacteria was successfully isolated. From this isolation, it has been proved that this microbe can oxidize ferrous iron as the electron donor, and can widely be observed in various deep-sea low-temperature hydrothermal fields. Therefore we have investigated how these microbes contributed to the formation of the iron mat using mineralogical and culture independent approaches.We tried to clarify mineralogical properties of natural or lab-prepared iron oxides of iron-oxidizing microbes by using XAFS, SEM and EDX. Natural samples were collected at 3 sampling sites: iron mats from deep-sea hydrothermal fields in the Mariana Volcanic Arc, Mariana Trough and the Okinawa Trough. Lab-prepared iron-oxide synthesis was carried out using chemoautotrophic bacterium Mariprofundus ferrooxydans PV-1 (ATCC BA-1020) and was cultured by diffusion cell's method (Kikuchi et al., 2011, 2014). SEM observation showed similar morphology to all samples, which have distinctive plait-like structure, and at where iron oxides precipitate around distinctive materials. Although each natural iron-oxide sample was precipitated at different environments and with different dominant microbial species within the natural samples, XAFS showed identical spectrum. Regardless of medium employed in the cultivation, lab-prepared iron oxides also showed similar spectrum to natural samples. XANES fitting suggested that iron mats consist of ferrihydrite and iron-organic complex being the same as the lab-prepared iron oxides. These results strongly supported the iron-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophs had significant ecological roles in producing the iron mat. These mineralogical analyses may help to find biosignature in the deep-sea environments.