*Madhusoodhan SATISH-KUMAR¹, Naho OTSUJI², Atsushi KAMEI³, Eiichi TAKAZAWA¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA⁴, Geoffrey GRANTHAM⁵, Masahiro ISHIKAWA⁶, Tetsuo KAWAKAMI⁷, Yasuhito OSANAI⁸ (1.Department of Geology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, 2.Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Japan, 3.Department of Geosciences, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan, 4.Department of Geoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Japan, 5.Council for Geoscience, P/Bag X112, Pretoria, South Africa, 6.Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Kyoto University, Japan, 7.Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokahama National University, Japan, 8.Division of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Japan)

*Fumiko HIGASHINO¹, Tetsuo KAWAKAMI¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA², Madhusoodhan Satish-Kumar³, Masahiro ISHIKAWA⁴, Geoffrey Grantham⁵ (1.Kyoto University, 2.Tohoku University, 3.Niigata University, 4.Yokohama National University, 5.Council for Geoscience, South Africa)

*Tatsuya NUMAKURA¹, Noriaki WATANABE¹, Kiyotoshi SAKAGUCHI¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹ (1.Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University)

*Taku SUZUKI¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹, Ryoichi YAMADA² (1.Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Tohoku University, 2.Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University)

*Hiroto TANAKA¹, Atsushi OKAMOTO¹, Noriaki WATANABE¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹ (1.Graduate school of environmental studies, Tohoku University)

*Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹, Ryoichi YAMADA¹, Masaoki UNO¹ (1.Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University)

*Hanae SAISHU¹, Atsushi OKAMOTO², Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA² (1.AIST, 2.Tohoku University)

*Tatsuya NUMAKURA¹, Noriaki WATANABE¹, Kiyotoshi SAKAGUCHI¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹ (1.Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University)

*Taku SUZUKI¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹, Ryoichi YAMADA² (1.Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Tohoku University, 2.Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University)

*Hiroto TANAKA¹, Atsushi OKAMOTO¹, Noriaki WATANABE¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹ (1.Graduate school of environmental studies, Tohoku University)

*Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹, Ryoichi YAMADA¹, Masaoki UNO¹ (1.Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University)

*Atsushi OKAMOTO¹, Ryo YAMADA¹, Hiroto TANAKA¹, Hanae SAISHU², Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹ (1.Tohoku University, 2.National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)

*Ryosuke OYANAGI¹, Atsushi OKAMOTO¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹ (1.Graduate School Of Environmental Studies, Tohuku University)

*Satoru ISHIKAWA¹, Hiroshi SAKUMA², Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹ (1.Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku, 2.National Institute for Materials Science)

*Michimasa MUSHA¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA¹, Atsushi OKAMOTO¹ (1.Graduate school of Environmental studies, Tohoku Univ.)

*Emi NIKAIDO¹, Fumiko NARA¹, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA², Takeshi KAKEGAWA¹ (1.Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 2.Graduate School of Environmental studies, Tohoku University)

*Satoshi TAKAHASHI¹, Shin-ichi YAMASAKI², Kazuhiro OGAWA³, Kunio KAIHO³, Noriyoshi TSUCHIYA² (1.Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 2.Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University,, 3.Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University)