[A-AS21] 大気化学

[AAS21-14] シベリアにおける航空機とタワーネットワークを用いたメタン濃度の長期変動解析

*笹川 基樹¹、町田 敏暢¹、伊藤 昭彦¹、津田 憲次²、Mikhail Arshinov³、Denis Davydov³、Alexandrov Fofonov³、Oleg Krasnov³、Prabir Patra⁴、石島 健太郎⁴ (1.独立行政法人国立環境研究所、2.一般財団法人地球・人間環境フォーラム、3.ロシア科学アカデミー大気光学研究所、4.独立行政法人海洋研究開発機構)

キーワード：シベリア, メタン, タワーネットワーク, 航空機観測

Methane measurements over Siberia are crucial for estimating global CH₄ emissions since Siberia is estimated to contain over 100 million ha of wetlands. We have been acquiring long-term records of atmospheric CH₄ concentration in Siberia at 3 sites (Surgut, Novosibirsk, Yakutsk) using aircraft since 1993 and at a tower network since 2004 (JR-STATION: Japan-Russia Siberian Tall Tower Inland Observation Network, Sasakawa et al., 2010, 2012). Observed CH₄ concentrations at the tower sites in West Siberia showed much higher than those observed at coastal background sites operated by NOAA in northern high latitudinal zone. They also exhibited clear seasonal cycle with double maxima in winter and summer. However increasing trend observed in background sites did not appear in tower data due to high variability in concentration during summer and winter. On the other hand, aircraft data did not have clear seasonal cycle but showed obvious increasing trend. Global stagnation in rise of CH₄ concentration around 2000-2006 was observed in aircraft data over taiga sites (Novosibirsk, Yakutsk) but not clear over wetland site (Surgut). In Surgut, vertical difference of CH₄ concentration in recent years between 1 km and 5.5 km altitude data decreased less than 2/3 of that in early 1990's. This weakening vertical gradient appeared in other altitude data (0.5-4 km) as well. Simulation results with a chemistry-transport model (ACTM; Patra et al., 2009) suggested that transport influence on this trend could be small. A regional emission tagged tracer simulation with the ACTM (Umezawa et al., 2014) indicated that the CH₄ emissions from West Siberia and Europe could produce most extent of the vertical gradient. This finding thus suggested that the sum of dominant emissions decreased in these 20 years.

References
Patra et al., J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 87(4), 635-663, 2009.
Sasakawa et al., Tellus, 62B, 403-416, 2010.
Sasakawa et al., Tellus, 64B, 17514, doi:10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17514, 2012.
Umezawa et al, Tellus, 66B, 23837, 2014.