[P-CG31] 宇宙科学・探査の将来計画と関連する機器・技術の現状と展望

[PCG31-18] 準小型衛星の編隊飛行観測で迫る宇宙地球結合過程と極域電離圏・熱圏ダイナミクス

*平原 聖文¹、斎藤 義文²、浅村 和史²、坂野井 健³、小嶋 浩嗣⁴、三好 由純¹、大山 伸一郎¹ (1.名古屋大学太陽地球環境研究所、2.宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所、3.東北大学惑星プラズマ・大気研究センター、4.京都大学生存圏研究所)

キーワード：宇宙空間プラズマ, 粒子加速, 宇宙地球系結合, 波動粒子相互作用, 統合観測, 編隊飛行

We have been discussing a possibility and feasibility of the future space exploration mission for studying the space-terrestrial couplings based on the space plasma dynamics. In this future mission, we are planning to elucidate the universal particle acceleration/heating and transport mechanisms by using the in-situ and remote-sensing observation techniques with a formation flight of multiple compact satellites. These plasma dynamics are caused mainly by the terrestrial ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling processes and also affect both mangetospheric plasma dynamics and upper atmospheric (ionospheric and thermospheric) phenomena in the Earth's polar regions. In past, our Reimei satellite, the first Japanese microsatellite focusing on the exploration of the fine-scale auroral dynamics, was launched in August, 2005. Reimei successfully obtained the in-situ observational data for the space plasmas but the imaging camera data for the auroras, the airglows, and the sprites. These Reimei results have been leading to several new satellite mission proposals in the world. We are now organizing a highly plausible mission based on our own experimental experiences obtained from Reimei and our data analysis achievements, for instance, in the ISAS Akebono mission and the NASA FAST mission. It is undoubtedly evident that highly accurate measurements of magnetic/electric fields and plasma waves should be realized in this future satellite missions in addition to the monochromatic auroral imaging camera with high-time/spatial resolutions and the energetic and suprathermal electron/ion analyzers with a high-time resolution. Thermal plasma instruments are also important for measuring the plasma circumstances. It should be noticed that the neutral particle instruments, which are now under development and modification in Japan, would significantly contribute to the quantitative researches of the polar ionospheric and thermospheric dynamics. Toward the realization of the new space exploration mission, we are making intensive efforts for defining the scientific mission strategy and the specifications of the science instruments. In the future mission planning, we are now considering the following features. 1: Changeable formation flight with multiple compact satellites, whose weights are roughly 100 kg, is essential for simultaneous multipoint observations of fine-scale auroral phenomena. 2: The precise three axial attitude control system should be applied for realizing the high-quality 2-D imaging of auroral emissions and the simultaneous measurements of the pitch-angle distributions of the auroral particles with top-hat type energy analyzers. 3: It is crucial to capture the ram direction of the satellite with the attitude control in order to measure the shifted velocity distributions of the core ions. 4: The electric/magnetic field instruments and the plasma wave instruments should be installed on the satellites for the integrated observations. Particularly, it is one of the most prominent features of this mission to perform wave-particle interaction analyses based on these comprehensive and integrated measurements of the plasma particles and waves, and the fields. 5: Neutral particle instruments for the velocity distribution measurements would make essential contributions from the farsighted viewpoint in the upper atmospheric dynamics beyond the space plasma regimes. 6: The sun-synchronous orbit at relatively low altitudes would be desirable both for bringing the observational advantages. In this presentation, we introduce the multi-sided scientific importance and several types of our exploration mission specification.