[S-CG16] Deep Carbon Cycle

★ [SCG16-12] ロゼッタ彗星ミッションで得られた知見による地球の炭素と揮発性元素の起源

*マーティー ベルナード¹、アルトウエグ カスリン²、ロジナ チーム² (1.ナンシー岩石地球化学研究所、2.ベルン大学物理学教室)

キーワード：炭素, 揮発性元素, 彗星67P/CG, ロジナ

The origin of carbon, water, nitrogen and noble gases on Earth is debated between several cosmochemical sources including the protosolar nebula, and volatile-rich bodies such as "wet" asteroids (up to 15 % equivalent water and a few % C) or comets (up to 50 % water ice). Terrestrial noble gases have been interpreted as originating from the solar nebula or from the solar wind. However, the H and N stable isotope compositions of the atmosphere and the oceans are consistent with an asteroidal, rather than solar or cometary, contribution. For the latter, this inference is based on D and 15N enrichments in comets. However, this view was recently challenged by the discovery of a Jupiter Family comet (JFC) having a ocean-like D/H ratio. The ESA Rosetta mission is presently analyzing the morphology, the physical parameters, and the composition of Comet 67P/Churiumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG). On board of the spaceraft, the Rosina instrument (PI. K. Altwegg, Univ. Bern, Switzerland) consisting of double focusing and time of flight mass spectrometers is analyzing gases relased by the comet [1, 2]. The analysis of noble gases, stable isotopes, and volatile elements sheds constraints on the formation environment of this body, and seem to indicate a limited, but not necessarily negligible, contribution of 67P/CG-type material to the Earth's oceans and atmosphere and organics. In particular, the high Ar content of the comet and its implication for terrestrial noble gases will be discussed at the meeting.

[1] Altwegg et al., (2015), Science 347, 126952-1; [2] Hassig et al., (2015); Science 347, aaa0276-1