*Pavel Groisman^1,4、Xungang Yin²、Olga Bulygina^3,4、Irina Partasenok^5,4、Olga Zolina^6,4、Inger Hanssen-Bauer⁷ (1.University Corp. for Atmospheric Research Project Scientist at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina, USA、2.ERT, Inc. at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina, USA、3.All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information—World Data Centre, Obninsk, The Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia、4.RAS P.P. Shirshov Institute for Oceanology, Moscow, The Russian Federation、5.Republican Hydrometeorological Centre, Minsk, Belarus、6.Le Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement, Grenoble, France、7.Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway)

*Olga Bulygina^1,2、V. Razuvaev¹、P. Groisman^2,3 (1.All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information—World Data Centre, 6 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast’, 249035, The Russian Federation、2.P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 36 Nakhimovsky Ave., Moscow, 117997, The Russian Federation、3.UCAR at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, USA)