*Olga Bulygina^1,2、V. Razuvaev¹、P. Groisman^2,3 (1.All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information—World Data Centre, 6 Koroleva St., Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast’, 249035, The Russian Federation、2.P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, 36 Nakhimovsky Ave., Moscow, 117997, The Russian Federation、3.UCAR at NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, North Carolina 28801, USA)