[P-PS13] 月の科学と探査

[PPS13-01] SELENE月レーダサウンダによる月全球地下サウンディングに基づく研究

*熊本 篤志¹、山口 靖²、山路 敦³、小林 敬生⁴、押上 祥子⁵、石山 謙¹、中村 教博¹、後藤 由貴⁶ (1.東北大学大学院理学研究科、2.名古屋大学大学院環境学研究科、3.京都大学大学院理学研究科、4.韓国地質資源研究院、5.国立天文台、6.金沢大学理工学域)

キーワード：月周回衛星SELENE（かぐや）、月レーダサウンダ、海のテクトニクス、海の火山活動

The Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) onboard the SELENE (Kaguya) spacecraft successfully performed subsurface radar sounding of the Moon and passive observations of natural radio and plasma waves from the lunar orbit. The operation of LRS started on October 29, 2007. Until the end of the operation on June 10, 2009, 2363 hours worth of radar sounder data and 8961 hours worth of natural radio and plasma wave data were obtained [Ono et al., 2010]. We found subsurface regolith layers at depths of several hundred meters, which were interbedded between lava flow layers in the nearside maria. [Ono et al., 2009]. Using the measured depths and structures of the buried regolith layers, we could determine several key parameters on tectonics, surface layer evolution, and volcanism in the maria: Base on the determined parameters such as the formation age of the ridges, effective permittivity of the uppermost basalt layers, and the lava flow volumes in the nearside maria, we made the following suggestions: (1) Global cooling, which forms ridges in southern Serenitatis, became dominant after 2.84 Ga. [Ono et al., 2009], (2) The porosity of the uppermost basalt layer in Mare Humorum was estimated to be 19-51%, much more than the average of Apollo rock samples (7%) [Ishiyama et al., 2013], and (3) The average eruption rate of the lava flow in the nearside maria was 10^-3 km^-3/yr. at 3.8 Ga and decrease to 10^-4 km^-3/yr at 3.3 Ga [Oshigami et al., 2014]. Thanks to the high downlink rate from the SELENE/LRS (0.5 Mbps), we could obtain almost raw (simply pulse-compressed) waveform data from the lunar subsurface radar sounding. Using this dataset, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing was applied with trying several permittivity models in the analyses on the ground [Kobayashi et al., 2012]. This dataset is provided via SELENE Data Archive (http://l2db.selene.darts.isas.jaxa.jp/index.html.en), which will be useful for researchers who have new ideas for applying them to the investigations of the lunar surface structures and there evolutions.