日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会

講演情報

[JJ] Eveningポスター発表

セッション記号 M (領域外・複数領域) » M-IS ジョイント

[M-IS11] 津波堆積物

2018年5月22日(火) 17:15 〜 18:30 ポスター会場 (幕張メッセ国際展示場 7ホール)

コンビーナ:篠崎 鉄哉(筑波大学アイソトープ環境動態研究センター)、千葉 崇(一般財団法人海上災害防止センター)、石村 大輔(首都大学東京大学院都市環境科学研究科地理学教室)

[MIS11-P16] Historical Nankai-Suruga megathrust earthquakes recorded by tsunami and landslide deposits on the Shirasuka coastal lowlands, Shizuoka Prefecture

Ed Garrett1,2Osamu Fujiwara3Svenja Riedesel4Jan Walstra2Koen Deforce5,6Yusuke Yokoyama7Sabine Schmidt8Helmut Brückner4Marc De Batist9、*Vanessa Mary An Heyvaert2,10QuakeRecNankai team (1.Department of Geography and Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University, United Kingdom、2.Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium、3.Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Japan 、4.Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Germany、5.Flanders Heritage Institute, Belgium、6.OD Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium、7.Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan、8.UMR5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, France 、9.Renard Centre of Marine Geology, Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Belgium 、10.Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Belgium)

Future megathrust earthquakes and consequential tsunamis pose exceptional hazards to densely populated and highly industrialised coastlines facing the Nankai-Suruga megathrust. Geological investigations of coastal sedimentary sequences play a key role in understanding megathrust behaviour and developing appropriate seismic and tsunami hazard assessments. In this study, we present a multi-proxy investigation of a coastal lowland in Shizuoka Prefecture, appraising evidence for tsunamis and earthquake-triggered landslides over the last 800 years. We present the most compelling geological evidence to date for the 1361 CE Kōan tsunami, a finding consistent with either of two recent hypotheses: a single larger rupture of both the Nankai and Tōnankai regions or two smaller ruptures separated by a few days. We verify previously documented evidence for the 1498 Meiō tsunami at the site, enhancing the existing chronology with new radiocarbon dates analysed within a Bayesian framework. While previous studies documented evidence for extreme waves in 1605, 1680 or 1699, 1707 and 1854 CE, we encountered a thick sand layer rather than discrete event deposits. Lateral variability in the deposits and the occurrence of overprinting of evidence in some locations highlights the potential for geological records to underestimate the frequency of these events. We attribute the uppermost sand layer at the site to a coseismically-triggered terrestrial mass movement in 1944, a finding supported by radiometric dating and aerial photographs.