[S-CG63] 地球惑星科学におけるレオロジーと破壊・摩擦の物理

[SCG63-09] 個別要素法シミュレーションによるせん断帯き裂構造に及ぼす応力状態の影響の解析

*布施 知正¹、岡本 敦²、伊藤 高敏¹、清水 浩之³ (1.東北大学流体科学研究所、2.東北大学大学院環境科学研究科、3.鹿島建設株式会社 土木設計本部 解析技術部 地盤解析グループ)

キーワード：せん断帯、雁行脈、間隙水圧、個別要素法

Shear zone geometries are governed by the rheological properties of rock. The shear deformation is accomplished by fracturing and ductile flow in the brittle and ductile regime, respectively. En-echelon arrays of extension veins are also indicators of shear zones. It has been suggested that en-echelon vein arrays are likely to be formed in the semi-brittle regime, however, the physical factors causing a change of the shear zone geometry from brittle faults to en-echelon fracture arrays remain unclear. In this study, two-dimensional distinct element method (2D DEM) are used to simulate the fracturing processes in a brittle rock model by applying shear deformation to investigate the influence of stress condition on the fracture geometry. The simulations were conducted through the following procedure. First, a rectangle rock model was subjected to bi-axial isotropic compressive stress. Then, the rock model was deformed at a constant shear velocity. As a results of simulation, the fracture geometry changed with the confining stress level. When the confining stress was low, fractures formed in open mode, to be an en-echelon fracture array. On the other hand, when the confining stress was high, fractures formed in shear mode, and then they evolved into a larger discontinuity parallel to shear zone boundary. At intermediate stress level, the creation of both open mode and shear mode fractures was observed. These results suggest that the stress condition control the fracture mode and geometry in shear zone. It can be interpreted that en-echelon extension fracture arrays should occur under high pore pressure, or lithostatic pressure. At low pore pressure, or hydrostatic pore pressure, fractures could originate in shear mode, evolving into brittle faults.