[AAS04-P25] インドネシア・ジャカルタ大都市圏周辺における温室効果ガス・大気汚染物質の総合観測プロジェクト
キーワード：温室効果ガス、大気汚染物質、都市観測、インドネシア
The emission increases of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants in megacities have been recognized as one of the important issues as a concern for health and climate change. Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, including suburban cities (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi; locally known as “Jabodetabek”), has a population of 32 million people and has been listed as the second largest megacity in the world and the largest megacity in Southeast Asia. Several air quality monitoring campaigns were conducted in Jakarta. However, previous studies lacked continuous high-accuracy monitoring stations due to the limitations of environmental monitoring budgets and experts. We present here a new interdisciplinary project to expand our current understanding of the interactions between emissions, air quality, and regional/global climates.
To estimate the amount of anthropogenic emissions from Jakarta megacity and compare with city activities, we developed a ground-based comprehensive monitoring system of GHGs and air pollutants controlled remotely in addition to automated start-and-stop operations during power failures. Monitoring systems were installed at Bogor (center of Bogor city), Serpong (Jakarta suburb), and Cibeureum (mountainous area) in 2016–2017. Each monitoring system consists of system control/data acquisition units controlling multiple instruments and collecting continuously and continuous monitoring instruments of CO2, CH4, CO, NOx, SO2, O3, aerosol concentrations (PM2.5, PM10, BC) and the chemical components (NO3-, SO42-) of PM2.5 and PM10, and meteorological parameters. Flask sampling of air is also performed automatically once a week to analyze N2O, SF6, and carbon isotopes (13C, 14C) in CO2 in NIES and to validate the continuous measurement data of CO2, CH4, and CO.
The results show that the daytime values of CO2, three hours averages from 12 to 15 local time, at Bogor and Serpong are 6.8 and 7.1 ppm higher than Cibeureum, respectively. These features are also presented in the other species, i.e., CO, NOx, SO2, PM2.5, PM10-2.5, and BC. Moreover, we found 5–10 ppm lower values of CO2 during daytime at Bogor and Serpong in December and January, mid-rainy season in Jakarta, compared with the other months and frequent and extremely high CH4 enhancements during nighttime (i.e., 3 to 5 ppm) at Serpong.
We present here the temporal variability observed at three monitoring sites and some preliminary results based on high-resolution CO2 simulations using Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry (WRF-Chem).
To estimate the amount of anthropogenic emissions from Jakarta megacity and compare with city activities, we developed a ground-based comprehensive monitoring system of GHGs and air pollutants controlled remotely in addition to automated start-and-stop operations during power failures. Monitoring systems were installed at Bogor (center of Bogor city), Serpong (Jakarta suburb), and Cibeureum (mountainous area) in 2016–2017. Each monitoring system consists of system control/data acquisition units controlling multiple instruments and collecting continuously and continuous monitoring instruments of CO2, CH4, CO, NOx, SO2, O3, aerosol concentrations (PM2.5, PM10, BC) and the chemical components (NO3-, SO42-) of PM2.5 and PM10, and meteorological parameters. Flask sampling of air is also performed automatically once a week to analyze N2O, SF6, and carbon isotopes (13C, 14C) in CO2 in NIES and to validate the continuous measurement data of CO2, CH4, and CO.
The results show that the daytime values of CO2, three hours averages from 12 to 15 local time, at Bogor and Serpong are 6.8 and 7.1 ppm higher than Cibeureum, respectively. These features are also presented in the other species, i.e., CO, NOx, SO2, PM2.5, PM10-2.5, and BC. Moreover, we found 5–10 ppm lower values of CO2 during daytime at Bogor and Serpong in December and January, mid-rainy season in Jakarta, compared with the other months and frequent and extremely high CH4 enhancements during nighttime (i.e., 3 to 5 ppm) at Serpong.
We present here the temporal variability observed at three monitoring sites and some preliminary results based on high-resolution CO2 simulations using Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry (WRF-Chem).