日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会

講演情報

[E] ポスター発表

セッション記号 B (地球生命科学) » B-PT 古生物学・古生態学

[B-PT04] Biomineralization and the Geochemistry of Proxies

2019年5月26日(日) 17:15 〜 18:30 ポスター会場 (幕張メッセ国際展示場 8ホール)

コンビーナ:豊福 高志(国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構)、北里 洋(国立大学法人東京海洋大学)、Bijma Jelle(アルフレッドウェゲナー極域海洋研究所)、廣瀬 孝太郎(早稲田大学  大学院創造理工学研究科 地球・環境資源理工学専攻)

[BPT04-P08] Toward a better understanding of planktic foraminiferal proxies: Are they photosymbiotic or not?

*高木 悠花1木元 克典2藤木 徹一2守屋 和佳3齊藤 宏明1 (1.東京大学大気海洋研究所、2.海洋研究開発機構、3.早稲田大学教育学部)

キーワード:浮遊性有孔虫、光共生

Geochemistry of planktic foraminiferal tests is an important archive to understand paleoenvironment. However, many biotic factors can affect the geochemical composition and thus may lead misinterpretation of the proxy signals. Photosymbiosis (endosymbiosis with autotrophic algae) is thought to give specific effects on foraminiferal test geochemistry such as δ13C due to photosynthetic activity of the symbionts. This is because photosynthesis can alter the geochemical condition of the vicinity of the foraminiferal test where calcification takes place, and eventually elevate the δ13C of the test. Therefore, whether foraminiferal species have photosymbiotic ecology or not, and how active the photosynthesis is are important information for precise paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, photosymbiotic information of planktic foraminifers is still limited even for extant species which are often utilized to generate proxy records.
In this study, we investigated 30 species of modern planktic foraminifers covering four families; Globigerinidae, Hastigerinidae, Globorotaliidae, and Candeinidae, using active chlorophyll fluorometry (fast repetition rate fluorometry; FRRF). FRRF performs non-destructive and non-invasive measurements of algal physiology based on real-time variable fluorescence profiles. When it is applied to symbiotic consortia of planktic foraminifers, it enables us to quantify chlorophyll content of a specimen, and to qualify of photophysiological features that are useful diagnostics of symbiont photosynthetic fitness. It can provide us with convincing information on individual-based photosymbiosis.
Specimens were collected from various oceanic settings; from tropical to subpolar region, encompassing Pacific to Atlantic. We have sampled across much of the northern hemisphere tropical-subtropical gradient to get the endemic species and to replicate for the others. The detection rate of photosymbiosis in each species, the biomass of symbionts (indicated by chlorophyll content), and the state of symbionts (indicated by photophysiological parameters) were investigated. Using principal component analysis, species were ranked by their “strength” of photosymbiosis. This thorough investigation will provide a more systematic understanding of photosymbiosis in modern planktic foraminifers and will help us to choose which species to use to reconstruct paleoenvironment.