日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会

講演情報

[J] ポスター発表

セッション記号 S (固体地球科学) » S-VC 火山学

[S-VC38] 活動的火山

2019年5月27日(月) 17:15 〜 18:30 ポスター会場 (幕張メッセ国際展示場 8ホール)

コンビーナ:前田 裕太(名古屋大学)、三輪 学央(防災科学技術研究所)、西村 太志(東北大学大学院理学研究科地球物理学専攻)

[SVC38-P32] 斜長石斑晶の化学組成から読み解く阿蘇カルデラ形成噴火第3サイクルにおけるマグマ進化

*松木田 悠希1飯塚 毅1牛久保 孝行2清水 健二2下司 信夫3宮城 磯治3浜田 盛久2 (1.東京大学、2.海洋研究開発機構、3.産業技術総合研究所)

Title

Magma evolution during the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption cycle deduced from the chemistry of plagioclase phenocrysts

Author

Yuki Matsukida, Tsuyoshi Iizuka, Takayuki Ushikubo, Kenji Shimizu, Nobuo Geshi,

Isoji Miyagi, Morihisa Hamada

Introduction

Caldera-forming eruptions are the most destructive type of volcanic activity and exert a great influence on the Earth’s surface. Therefore, the underlying magmatic mechanism leading to caldera-forming eruptions is of fundamental importance in volcanology. The Aso volcano is the largest (18×25 km in diameter) caldera in the southwestern Japan Island Arc and formed through four large eruption cycles. In this study, we have investigated the evolution of magmas that erupted during the second youngest cycle among the four cycles, the Aso-3 cycle at 123 ka. It ejected >150 km3 of pyroclasts that are divided into the following four units in stratigraphic ascending order: 3W, a plinian pumice fall deposit; 3A, a pumice flow deposit containing dominantly aphyric pumice and glassy ash; 3B, a scoria flow deposit characterized by abundant aphyric scoria; and 3C, a scoria flow deposit consisting mainly of porphyritic scoria and glassy ash matrix.

On the basis of major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios of whole rocks as well as phenocrysts, Kaneko et al. (2015) argued that the pre-eruptive magma chamber was chemically stratified from a mafic lower part to a felsic upper part. The previous study further estimated water contents in the melts using the hygrometer based on plagioclase-melt partitioning of anorthite-albite components (Lange et al., 2009), but the estimates have large uncertainty. Here we determined hydrogen contents of plagioclase phenocrysts. By combining the hydrogen contents with major and trace element compositions of the plagioclase phenocrysts, this study aims to better understand pre-eruptive magma evolution and water behavior of the Aso-3 cycle.

Methods

Plagioclase as well as pyroxene and oxide mineral phenocrysts were separated from pumices of 3W, an obsidian clast of 3A, a welded clast of 3B, and a pumice clast of 3C. Major and trace elements in phenocrysts were quantified by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), respectively. In LA-ICP-MS analysis, Ca contents measured by EPMA were used for internal standard normalization. OH contents in plagioclase phenocrysts were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).

Results

Anorthite contents (#An) of plagioclase phenocrysts are variable even in individual units, but show the systematic increase in ascending order, consistent with the results of Kaneko et al. (2015). REE patterns of plagioclase and pyroxene show positive and negative Eu anomalies, respectively. Plagioclase Ce content degreases as #An increases (Figure 1). On the other hand, OH contents in plagioclase phenocrysts are significantly higher in 3W (~250 ppm) as compared to the others (<50 ppm) (Figure 2).

Discussion

OH contents in a plagioclase phenocryst of 3W are significantly higher than those of 3A-C, nevertheless Ce contents of plagioclase are not significantly different between 3W and 3A. Considering that the partition coefficients of Ce between anhydrous major minerals and melt are similar to those of OH, this finding suggests that H2O was lost from the melt through gas exsolution or fractional crystallization of hydrous minerals. Alternatively, given the fast diffusion of hydrogen relative to Ce in plagioclase, it may be attributed to secondary loss of hydrogen from plagioclase phenocrysts of 3A-C during welding processes. From the observation of thin sections of 3W and 3A, however, microlite was rarely observed, suggesting that the secondary thermal effects would be restricted for both 3W and 3A. Furthermore, little hydrous phenocrysts have been observed from ejecta of the Aso-3 cycle. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that gas exsolution and degassing occurred between the eruptions of 3W and 3A.