日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会

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[J] 口頭発表

セッション記号 M (領域外・複数領域) » M-IS ジョイント

[M-IS13] 生物地球化学

2019年5月27日(月) 10:45 〜 12:15 201A (2F)

コンビーナ:木庭 啓介(京都大学生態学研究センター)、柴田 英昭(北海道大学北方生物圏フィールド科学センター)、大河内 直彦(海洋研究開発機構)、山下 洋平(北海道大学 大学院地球環境科学研究院)、座長:木庭 啓介(京都大学)、稲垣 善之藤井 一至

11:30 〜 11:45

[MIS13-04] Transition of soil organic carbon in a volcanic ash soil derived from Towada volcano, Japan

*JITHYA NAWODI WIJESINGHE1Jun Koarashi2Mariko Atarashi Andoh2Yoko Saito Kokubu3Noriko Yamaguchi4Takashi Sase5Mamoru Hosono6Yudzuru Inoue7Yuki Mori1Syuntaro Hiradate1 (1.Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan、2.Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan、3.Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency,Gifu 509-5102, Japan、4.National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute for Agro-environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan、5.Boreal Laboratory for Phytolith Research, Iwate 028-7302,Japan、6.Tokyo Natural History Research Structure,Tokyo 162-0052, Japan、7.Faculty of Applied Information Technology, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science,Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan )

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is generated from organic components by receiving biological and chemical transformations in soils. In volcanic ash soils, mean resident time of SOC is generally long, so the mechanisms of the long lives are of interest for the development of techniques for carbon sequestration in soils. In the present study, we aim to elucidate the transformation process of SOC by fractionating SOC representing the transition stage of the original organic components and characterized the SOC fractions by isotopic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses.

In this study, we analyzed SOC from a buried soil layer formed between 6,200 and 9,400 cal yBP, because the SOC can be well conserved without the influence of serious human activity. In addition, the age of those buried SOC can be determined by 14C analysis with high accuracy. The soil samples were collected from a buried soil horizon (six samples collected from the depth between 152 and 182 cm at 5 cm intervals) close to Towada volcano, Japan. From each of the soil sample, SOC were extracted and fractionated by precipitation with controlling pH of the extracted solution (Hiradate et al., 2007), resulting in humin, humic acid, and four fulvic acid fractions (two hydrophilic fulvic acid fractions: FA1 and FA2, and two hydrophobic fulvic acid fractions: FA3, and FAIHSS). The SOC fractions were freeze-dried and analyzed for determining δ13C and δ15N values by using isotope ratio mass spectrometer and for 14C dating by using accelerator mass spectrometer. Solid-state 13C CPMAS NMR analysis was also conducted to investigate the structural characteristics and quantify the carbon species of the SOC fractions.

The δ13C values of humic acid, FA1, FA2, FA3, and FAIHSS fractions were -23.85±0.36, -20.75±0.32, -21.10 ±0.38, -22.81±0.41, and -23.22 ± 0.33‰, respectively, while δ15N values were 3.00±0.37, 8.16±1.73, 9.66±0.54 , 4.73±0.83, and 5.20±0.54‰, respectively. The 14C age of humic acid, FA1, FA2, FA3, and FAIHSS fractions was 6130±300, 5630±240, 5400±200, 5410±230, and 5680±260 cal yBP, respectively. Decomposition and recycling of plant residues during the transformation of SOC result in enrichment of heavier carbon and nitrogen isotopes due to preferential stabilization (Wada et al., 2013). Therefore, the increase of δ13C and δ15N values in SOC fractions corresponds to successive transformation of SOC. The slope of the relationship between δ13C and δ15N values was 1.69, and the results were similar to the result of Wada et al. (2013), indicating successive transformation of SOC from plant organic matter to hydrophilic fulvic acid fraction. The hydrophilic fulvic acid fraction would be more microbially processed than hydrophobic fulvic acid and humic acid fractions. Because the humic acid fractions were rich in aromatic structure, they would be formed in the early stage of the formation right after C fixation by plants and chemically stabilized in the soil horizon by fire event etc. The hydrophobic fulvic acid horizons, which are less rich in aromatic C but relatively rich in aliphatic C, would be formed by microbial transformation and stabilized by chemical and physical factor. The hydrophilic fulvic acid fractions, which are rich in O-alkyl C, would be microbially metabolized many times and stabilized physically in the soil horizons.

The validity of the chemical fractionation of SOC on the soil dynamics study has been discussed and sometimes regarded as questionable, but at least in our study on a buried volcanic ash soil, the chemical fractionation procedure successfully separated SOC receiving different metabolisms and having different genesis and chemical structural features.

Hiradate, S., Yonezawa, T., Takesako, H., 2007. Soil science and Plant Nutrition 57, 413-419.
Wada, E., Ishii, R., Aita, M.N., Ogawa, N. O., Kohzu, A., Hyodo, F., Yamada, Y., 2013. Ecological Research 28, 173-181.