日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会

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[E] 口頭発表

セッション記号 S (固体地球科学) » S-IT 地球内部科学・地球惑星テクトニクス

[S-IT23] Structure and Dynamics of Earth and Planetary Mantles

2019年5月26日(日) 13:45 〜 15:15 A09 (東京ベイ幕張ホール)

コンビーナ:中川 貴司(香港大学地球科学専攻)、芳野 極(岡山大学惑星物質研究所)、趙 大鵬(東北大学大学院理学研究科附属地震・噴火予知研究観測センター)、座長:芳野 極(岡山大学)

14:30 〜 14:45

[SIT23-04] Experimental confirmation of a spineloid transitional olivine polymorph using ultrafine-grained aggregates of Mg2GeO4

*Thomas P. Ferrand1Takehiko Hiraga1 (1.Earthquake Research Institute)

キーワード:olivine-spinel transition, ω-olivine, mantle, laboratory, metastable, martensitic

Ultrafine-grained aggreagtes of Mg2GeO4 were synthetized using spark plasma sintering and deformed using an 1-atm deformation rig between 950°C and 1200°C. Observations with SEM, EBSD, XRD and Raman together confirm that the samples consist of α-olivine with minor enstatite, with a grain size of 1-10 microns. Deformation data indicate an extreme softening of the material around 100 MPa in samples deformed at temperatures of 1000°C or above. This softening is followed by a sharp hardening, suggesting that the fast deformation process ended.
The olivine-spinel transition in Mg2GeO4 occurs around 810°C, and all experiments were done in the stability field of olivine. The deformation curves, supported by Raman and XRD data, suggest that ω-olivine, expected by Poirier in 1981, and observed in Mg2GeO4 within a meteorite in 2017, transiently forms during the deformation. ω-olivine is a spineloid metastable olivine, which does not have any stability field in a P-T diagram, but it might have one in a P-T-σ diagram. It was reproduced in the stability fields of β-olivine (Guyot et al., 1991) of γ-olivine (Reynard et al., 1994). Here I show that it can also form in the stability of α-olivine.
It seems that the transition occurs only between 1000°C and 1150°C when the stress approaches 100 MPa, as a result of a competition between diffusional and displacive processes.
The existence of ω-olivine in stressed mantle regardless of stability fields could have major consequences on how we understand the solid-state olivine-spinel transition and related earthquakes triggering. Below 1200°C, if ω-olivine does not form then α-olivine is metastable.