*Ashley Elizabeth Payne¹、Christine Shields²、Jonathan Rutz³、L. Ruby Leung⁴、Travis O'Brien⁵、F. Martin Ralph⁶、Michael Wehner⁷ (1.Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA、2.Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA、3.Science and Technology Infusion Division, National Weather Service Western Region Headquarters, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Salt Lake City, UT, USA、4.Earth Systems Analysis and Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA、5.Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA、6.Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, CA, USA、7.Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA)