コンビーナ:Bjorn Mysen(Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Inst. Washington)、大谷 栄治(東北大学大学院理学研究科地学専攻)、趙 大鵬(東北大学大学院理学研究科附属地震・噴火予知研究観測センター)、中村 美千彦(東北大学大学院理学研究科地学専攻地球惑星物質科学講座)

The principal mass and energy transport agents in the Earth's interior are magma and fluids. The objective of the proposed session is to combine experimental data, observations, and theoretical modeling to describe the transport properties and processes.
Melting, crystallization, and devolatilization occur across temperature intervals within which the distribution of mass between melts, fluids, and crystals is established. Element partitioning between melts, crystals, and fluids is needed to describe these processes. Physical properties of melts and fluids are controlled by their chemical composition, temperature, and pressure. The mass transfer processes depend on the property information. Magma aggregation at depth and ascent toward the surface are direct functions of density contrasts and permeability and depends on temperature, pressure, chemical composition and concentration of volatile components.
The mass transfer processes are imaged globally and locally by geophysical observations such as seismic tomography and electrical conductivity profiles. Magma sources in the deep mantle and the crust are also imaged by these geophysical tools. The mass transfer to the surface can be observed as the volcanic eruption in which phase separation of magma and fluid, and crystallization during the magma ascent control the type of eruptions. These are processes imaged with geophysical methods with which a three-dimensional structure of magma and fluid plumbing systems can be described, and in the geological records of earlier phenomena.
The proposed session will focus on those phenomena including laboratory experiments, numerical modeling, and observations using geophysical, seismological and geochemical approaches. These include physical and chemical properties and process of magma and fluid, near surface processes of volcanic eruptions, and geophysical imaging of various scales from locally to globally. Contributions to any of these subjects are encouraged.