- [J] Oral
- | M (Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary)
- | M-ZZ Others
convener:Akira Usui(Marine Core Research Center, Kochi University), Yoshio Takahashi(Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo), Katsuhiko Suzuki(Submarine Resources Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), Takashi Ito(Faculty of Education, Ibaraki University)