[A-AS08] Multiple scale structure and their interactions in Asian monsoon system

[AAS08-03] Comprehensive observation study on land-atmosphere interaction over the Tibetan Plateau: a review and perspective: from GAME/Tibet to CAMP/Tibet, TORP, TPEORP, and TPEITORP

*Yaoming Ma¹, Yaoming Ma, Yaoming Ma, Yaoming Ma, Yaoming Ma (1.Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Keywords:land-atmosphere interaction process, atmosphere boundary layer process, numerical simulation, satellite remote sensing application, the Tibetan Plateau

Featured with high topography, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) shows very significant dynamic and efficient thermal effects. The land-atmosphere interaction and the atmospheric boundary layer processes are very important for the weather and climate change over the TP and its surrounding regions. Since the 1960s, especially after 1979, a series of observation and research programs have been conducted, including ‘The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorological Science Experiment (QXPMEX)’, ‘The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Experiment (TIPEX-II)’, ‘The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Asian Monsoon Experiment on the Tibetan Plateau (GAME/Tibet)’, ‘The Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) Asia–Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau (CAMP/Tibet)’,‘Tibetan Observation and Research Platform (TORP)’, ‘Sino Japanese intergovernmental cooperation project (Japan International Co-operation Agency, JICA)’, ‘The Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment (TIPEX-III)’, ‘The Third Pole Environment Observation and Research Platform(TPEORP)’, and ‘The TPE Integrated Three-dimensional Observation and Research Platform (TPEITORP)’, where the observation analysis of the land-atmosphere interaction and the atmospheric boundary layer processes are the most important contents. Here, we reviewed major atmospheric scientific experiments over the TP in the past 25 years and summarized the observation experiments of the land-atmosphere interaction and the atmospheric boundary layer processes systematically. The relevant results are briefly summarized in three aspects, including the land-atmosphere interaction process, the atmospheric boundary layer process as well as the surface and atmospheric heat sources. Observations indicate that the absorbed incoming solar radiation at plateau are about 10-15% higher than those observed at the typical sea level stations, forming a significantly strong heat source during summer seasons and exerting great impacts on the water cycle and energy budget over the TP. Studies also show that roughness length for momentum is generally one magnitude higher than roughness length for heat, and kB-1 presents drastic diurnal cycles that the daily sensible heat flux can be approximately 50% overestimated when the diurnal variation of kB-1 is misrepresented. The total annual evaporation of lakes on the TP is estimated, with an ice surface sublimation value of approximately 45 W m^-2 (~47.7 mm) per month, and it indicates that lake surface evaporation tends to be underestimated by numerical models. The atmospheric boundary layer over the TP is higher than those observed at non-TP regions, and a multiple tropopause is frequently dominant, whose occurrence frequency was up to 80%, significantly larger than the previously reported value of 40%. The research results extend the understanding of the land-surface processes, providing comprehensive evaluations for developing land surface process models and corresponding upscaling methods over the TP.