[M-SD42] Future Missions of Satellite Earth Observation

[MSD42-04] Measurements of GHGs/SLCFs, and emissions estimations from geostationary orbit over Asia

*YASUKO KASAI¹, Yugo Kanaya², Hiroshi Tanimoto³, Naoko Saitoh⁴, Nawo Eguchi⁵, Tomohiro Sato¹, Tamaki Fujinawa³, Prabir Patra³, Takashi Sekiya², Masayuki Takigawa², JpSAC Satellite Comm.⁶ (1.National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 2.Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 4.Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, 5.Kyushu University, 6.JpSAC)

Keywords:Asian air pollution, global warming, atmospheric composition, rationalization of mitigation policy, green innovation, green recovery

Climate change and global air pollution are urgent social issues in the 21st century. We aim strategic monitoring of atmospheric long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGs including CO2 ) and short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs, including NO2, methane), simultaneously, to develop and optimize mitigation strategies on the basis of real-world/real-time information. In order to ensure our steps toward stringent decarbonization, with 1.5-degree target in mind, we immediately estimate "emissions" from the satellite observations regarding huge point sources and important regions and thereby enable iterative optimization of mitigation policy, consisting of observations, emissions estimation, and evaluation of effectiveness of current policy - we shall provide such scientific knowledge as social commons. Similar mitigation approach is undertaken for the air pollution issue, regarding Asia as a hotspot, aiming efficient reduction of global premature death rate, estimated to be up to 4.2million per year. As demonstrated recently during the COVID-19 affecting period, satellite NO2 observations are powerful in diagnosing economy/emission reductions relevant to GHGs – such air quality/GHG synergies will also be explored. We thereby contribute to the Paris Agreement, global stocktake, national SLCF inventory as a new task to be introduced by IPCC TFI, and SDGs. Health tourism would also be an interesting area of data application. Observations from geostationary satellites shall be targeted, in order to fully quantify atmospheric abundances of relevant chemical substances, spreading from individual sources to Asian regions, with spatial continuity and a high temporal resolution. The highest spatial resolution of ca. 1 km as ever achieved from hyperspectral sensors should also be targeted. Diurnal cycles of human activities, photochemical reactions, and of photosynthesis would become discernible. The main sensors will be UV/vis/NIR imaging spectrometers, while potentials of IR sounders should also be examined for retrievals of vertical profiles and new species (ammonia as well as O3 and CO).