Vertical atmospheric motion plays an important role in various scales of atmospheric circulation. It plays a central role in the general circulation of the atmosphere and in various problems such as cumulus convection which causes severe weather, the formation of clouds and precipitation, the vertical transport of materials, including anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and the stratosphere and troposphere exchange. The actual nature of the vertical motions of the atmosphere is not well understood because directly observing the vertical motion over a wide area is difficult, and atmospheric vertical velocities strongly depend on the resolution of the numerical models. In this section, we will approach the vertical motion of the atmosphere from various aspects, including observational studies of vertical motion captured by new observational technologies, such as future cloud vertical motion observations such as the EarthCARE satellite, high-resolution numerical modeling, and analysis and theory of vertical motions. Through this discussion, we aim to develop a comprehensive understanding of global environmental science in terms of atmospheric vertical motions.