There is a wide range of research, from "research that meets the needs of society" to "research that meets the intellectual curiosity of humankind," but in recent years, expectations for "research that meets the needs of society" such as global warming and disaster mitigation have been rising. In JpGU2022 U-04, community members discussed "how they think about the balance between 'research that satisfies the intellectual curiosity of humanity' and 'research that meets the needs of society' and what kind of accountability they think is expected". Conveners conducted a post-session questionnaire survey, and they got the following results: (1) more than 90% of the survey respondents answered that "connecting science and society is necessary," (2) researchers are the main actors connecting science and society, but (3) the lack of resources (time and costs) to "connect science and society" and proper evaluation on scientific achievements are the issues.

In this session, we would like to provide an opportunity for the members of the Earth and planetary science community and stakeholders to discuss how to construct a framework to more effectively "link science and society" and how to incorporate these activities to scientific performance evaluation. To this end, the session will consist of discussions by panelists based on surveys of Funding Agencies, reports of overseas case studies, and questionnaire results obtained from JpGU2022 U-04 survey.