11:15 AM - 11:30 AM
[HDS07-08] Development of teaching materials for "Chiri-sogo (Geography)" as a high school subject using the GIS-based Visualization System for Tsunami Evacuation Training
Keywords:GIS, GNSS, Chiri-sogo (Geography), tsunami evacuation, teaching materials
1. Purpose
In order to share information on evacuation drill results in a short time, this study creates an evacuation drill visualization system using GIS. This will be used in a group evacuation experiment, and from 2022, we will develop teaching materials for "Chiri-sogo" (Geography), which will be compulsory in Japanese high schools. In addition, the effects and problems of this teaching material will be verified.
2. Methodology
This study first developed an evacuation drill visualization system. Next, a tsunami group evacuation experiment was conducted in the tsunami-flooded areas of Kushiro City and Wakkanai City, Hokkaido, and the evacuation training visualization system was operated in the experiment. After the experiment, the evacuation trajectory and tsunami inundation data were visualized, and the experimental results were fed back to the participants of the evacuation experiment. Finally, the study conducted a questionnaire survey of the participants before and after the feedback studies and verified the effects and problems of the system from the survey results.
The developed evacuation drill visualization system consists of an application that collects the location information of evacuation drill participants and sends it to a web server, and an application that displays the drill results together with disaster-related information such as estimated tsunami inundation data. The assumed tsunami inundation data is the maximum assumed simulation data provided by the Crisis Countermeasures Division of the Hokkaido Crisis Countermeasures Bureau.
3. Tsunami evacuation experiment in Kushiro City
As a group, the study collected movement trajectory data from the Kotobuki area in the west of central Kushiro City to the tsunami evacuation building. At the post-experiment study session, 50% of the participants answered that they had evacuated successfully before showing the evacuation movement log and the video of tsunami flooding, but after showing it, the percentage dropped to 29%. In terms of selecting important items for evacuation, the number of participants who chose "confirming the location of the evacuation center" and "confirming the evacuation route" decreased after watching the video. Conversely, the number of participants who chose "evacuation action speed" increased.
4. Tsunami evacuation experiment in Wakkanai City
The group evacuation started from the Michi-no-Eki Wakkanai, where many tourists are expected to gather. In the experiment, movement log data was collected assuming (1) a tsunami disaster and (2) a complex disaster consisting of a tsunami and a landslide. At the post-experiment study session, 68% of the participants answered that they had evacuated successfully before showing the evacuation movement log and the video of tsunami flooding, but after showing the video, the percentage dropped to 54%. As for the selection of important items in evacuation, the number of participants who "confirmed the location of the evacuation center" and "confirmed the evacuation route" decreased after viewing the video. Conversely, the number of participants in “Pre-disaster prevention learning” and “Evacuation action speed” increased. From this, it seems that the importance of "pre-disaster prevention learning" has come to be emphasized as a learning outcome from the simulated experience of complex disasters.
5. Conclusion
The operation of the evacuation drill visualization system developed in this research was generally successful. In learning after the experiment, it was confirmed that self-evaluation of training success or failure changed from subjective evaluation to objective evaluation. In addition, by presenting the results of the training based on the system's awareness of the elapsed time since the occurrence of the tsunami, this study was able to make the participants aware of their own evacuation speed and the characteristics of tsunami inundation. Visualizing dynamic training results and disaster-related information had the effect of changing participants' awareness of disaster prevention. Therefore, this system is evaluated to be effective as a teaching material for high school "Chiri-sogo" (Geography).
Note: This study is part of the results of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology's "Earthquake and Volcano Observation Research Project for Contributing to Disaster Mitigation (Phase 2)".
In order to share information on evacuation drill results in a short time, this study creates an evacuation drill visualization system using GIS. This will be used in a group evacuation experiment, and from 2022, we will develop teaching materials for "Chiri-sogo" (Geography), which will be compulsory in Japanese high schools. In addition, the effects and problems of this teaching material will be verified.
2. Methodology
This study first developed an evacuation drill visualization system. Next, a tsunami group evacuation experiment was conducted in the tsunami-flooded areas of Kushiro City and Wakkanai City, Hokkaido, and the evacuation training visualization system was operated in the experiment. After the experiment, the evacuation trajectory and tsunami inundation data were visualized, and the experimental results were fed back to the participants of the evacuation experiment. Finally, the study conducted a questionnaire survey of the participants before and after the feedback studies and verified the effects and problems of the system from the survey results.
The developed evacuation drill visualization system consists of an application that collects the location information of evacuation drill participants and sends it to a web server, and an application that displays the drill results together with disaster-related information such as estimated tsunami inundation data. The assumed tsunami inundation data is the maximum assumed simulation data provided by the Crisis Countermeasures Division of the Hokkaido Crisis Countermeasures Bureau.
3. Tsunami evacuation experiment in Kushiro City
As a group, the study collected movement trajectory data from the Kotobuki area in the west of central Kushiro City to the tsunami evacuation building. At the post-experiment study session, 50% of the participants answered that they had evacuated successfully before showing the evacuation movement log and the video of tsunami flooding, but after showing it, the percentage dropped to 29%. In terms of selecting important items for evacuation, the number of participants who chose "confirming the location of the evacuation center" and "confirming the evacuation route" decreased after watching the video. Conversely, the number of participants who chose "evacuation action speed" increased.
4. Tsunami evacuation experiment in Wakkanai City
The group evacuation started from the Michi-no-Eki Wakkanai, where many tourists are expected to gather. In the experiment, movement log data was collected assuming (1) a tsunami disaster and (2) a complex disaster consisting of a tsunami and a landslide. At the post-experiment study session, 68% of the participants answered that they had evacuated successfully before showing the evacuation movement log and the video of tsunami flooding, but after showing the video, the percentage dropped to 54%. As for the selection of important items in evacuation, the number of participants who "confirmed the location of the evacuation center" and "confirmed the evacuation route" decreased after viewing the video. Conversely, the number of participants in “Pre-disaster prevention learning” and “Evacuation action speed” increased. From this, it seems that the importance of "pre-disaster prevention learning" has come to be emphasized as a learning outcome from the simulated experience of complex disasters.
5. Conclusion
The operation of the evacuation drill visualization system developed in this research was generally successful. In learning after the experiment, it was confirmed that self-evaluation of training success or failure changed from subjective evaluation to objective evaluation. In addition, by presenting the results of the training based on the system's awareness of the elapsed time since the occurrence of the tsunami, this study was able to make the participants aware of their own evacuation speed and the characteristics of tsunami inundation. Visualizing dynamic training results and disaster-related information had the effect of changing participants' awareness of disaster prevention. Therefore, this system is evaluated to be effective as a teaching material for high school "Chiri-sogo" (Geography).
Note: This study is part of the results of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology's "Earthquake and Volcano Observation Research Project for Contributing to Disaster Mitigation (Phase 2)".