10:45 AM - 12:15 PM
[HDS07-P07] Development of a disaster management exercise program for high school students to have "Self-awareness that disasters affect everyone"
Keywords:disaster management exercise program, Self-awareness that disasters affect everyone, instructional design, ADDIE model, drone, disaster management game.
In miscellaneous schools in Japan, disaster exercises are carried out several times each year. This is based on Article 29, Paragraph 2 of the School Health and Safety Act and Article 36 of the Fire Service Act. However, there are many problems with disaster exercises, such as lack of opportunities to learn about local disaster risks, discrepancies in educational content depending on the abilities of teachers, and lack of community-wide exercises involving residents. In order to solve these problems, we developed a disaster management training program for high school students to have a “Self-awareness that disasters affect everyone” ; to attract and think about it as something familiar to them, and to take appropriate actions in the event of a disaster. In developing the educational program, we adopted the ADDIE model of ID (instructional design), which is a theory for enhancing the effectiveness, efficiency, and appeal of educational activities.
The target school is Hyogo Prefectural Sayo High School. In August 2009, the town of Sayo was hit by torrential rains, with 20 people dead or missing, and more than 1,700 houses damaged. However, more than 10 years have passed since the disaster, and the present situation is that the self-awareness is not high. Therefore, we designed a disaster exercise program that would increase the interest of high school students by setting three learning goals: "Knowing the past of Sayo Town," "Knowing the current situation of Sayo Town," and "Understanding problems in times of disaster and prepare for the future". The specific contents of the training are as follows: 1) ShakeOut drill using EEW: earthquake early warning, 2) an evacuation drill using an evacuation guidance from a speaker drone, 3) a demonstration of goods transportation using a goods transport drone, 4) watching videos and listen to disaster experiences of disaster victims in the 2009 Sayo disaster, 5) understanding damage estimation by using the hazard map of Sayo Town, and 6) acquiring basic disaster management knowledge by playing a disaster management game. In designing the program, we created a teaching guidance plan, PowerPoint for teaching materials, and so on.
The implementation date of the program was December 10, 2021. The program was implemented for 163 third-year students from Sayo High School. Students were asked to self-assess before and after 21 learning objectives related to 3 learning objectives and 6 training programs. An analysis of the responses revealed statistically significant increases for all items. It was found that the training program was effective in achieving learning objectives. In addition, through factor analysis, four factors were extracted from the prior self-assessment: knowledge about disasters, knowledge about drones, knowledge about heavy rain disasters in Sayo Town, and knowledge about earthquake disasters in Sayo Town. In the post self-assessment, two factors were extracted: appropriate actions in the event of a disaster, and the knowledge of risks in the event of a disaster. These results revealed that the training program sublimated the abstract image of natural disasters to the understanding of appropriate actions in the event of a disaster, and improved the awareness of " Self-awareness that disasters affect everyone".
The target school is Hyogo Prefectural Sayo High School. In August 2009, the town of Sayo was hit by torrential rains, with 20 people dead or missing, and more than 1,700 houses damaged. However, more than 10 years have passed since the disaster, and the present situation is that the self-awareness is not high. Therefore, we designed a disaster exercise program that would increase the interest of high school students by setting three learning goals: "Knowing the past of Sayo Town," "Knowing the current situation of Sayo Town," and "Understanding problems in times of disaster and prepare for the future". The specific contents of the training are as follows: 1) ShakeOut drill using EEW: earthquake early warning, 2) an evacuation drill using an evacuation guidance from a speaker drone, 3) a demonstration of goods transportation using a goods transport drone, 4) watching videos and listen to disaster experiences of disaster victims in the 2009 Sayo disaster, 5) understanding damage estimation by using the hazard map of Sayo Town, and 6) acquiring basic disaster management knowledge by playing a disaster management game. In designing the program, we created a teaching guidance plan, PowerPoint for teaching materials, and so on.
The implementation date of the program was December 10, 2021. The program was implemented for 163 third-year students from Sayo High School. Students were asked to self-assess before and after 21 learning objectives related to 3 learning objectives and 6 training programs. An analysis of the responses revealed statistically significant increases for all items. It was found that the training program was effective in achieving learning objectives. In addition, through factor analysis, four factors were extracted from the prior self-assessment: knowledge about disasters, knowledge about drones, knowledge about heavy rain disasters in Sayo Town, and knowledge about earthquake disasters in Sayo Town. In the post self-assessment, two factors were extracted: appropriate actions in the event of a disaster, and the knowledge of risks in the event of a disaster. These results revealed that the training program sublimated the abstract image of natural disasters to the understanding of appropriate actions in the event of a disaster, and improved the awareness of " Self-awareness that disasters affect everyone".