[M-SD35] Future Missions of Satellite Earth Observation

[MSD35-P08] Global wind profiling with space-based Doppler wind lidar for improvement of numerical weather prediction

*Shoken Ishii¹, Kozo OKAMOTO², Hajime Okamoto³, Toshiyoshi Kimura⁴, Takuji Kubota⁴, Shunsuke Imamura⁴, Daisuke Sakaizaw⁴, Koichi Fujihira⁴, Ayako Matsumoto⁵, Tsuyoshi Sekiyama², Tomoaki Nishizawa⁶, Tetsuya Takemi⁷, Yoshiaki Miyamoto⁸, Atsushi Sato⁹, Riko Oki⁴, Masaki Satoh¹⁰, Toshiki Iwasaki¹¹ (1.Tokyo Metropolitan University, 2.Japan Meteorological Agency / Meteorological Research Institute, 3.Kyushu University, 4.Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 5.ANA Holdings Incorporated, 6.National Institute for Environmental Studies, 7.Kyoto University, 8.Keio University, 9.Tohoku Institute of Technology, 10.University of Tokyo, 11.Tohoku University)

Keywords:3-D Global Wind Observation, Numerical Weather Prediction, Doppler Wind Lidar, Infrared Sounder, Earth Observation System

Analysis and prediction of atmospheric turbulence, convection, and dynamics phenomena are closely related to initial conditions of atmospheric conditions. An integrated global 3D observing system including wind observations with higher spatial resolution of smaller than 500 km is needed to understand atmospheric conditions in detail. Recently, the role of satellite observation systems is increasing year by year, and they are greatly contributing to the reduction of prediction errors. The WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) plan summarized by the WMO is important to promote continuously and effectively satellite observation systems, and to improve observation performance toward the next century. WMO summarizes requests from data users as requirements rolling review and opens the required observation performance as Observational System Capabilities Review Tool (OSCAR). Current global observation systems do not make direct wind measurements in the oceans, tropics, or the Southern Hemisphere. When we look at future satellite observing systems, satellite wind observing systems use tracking clouds or water vapor (atmospheric motion wind vector), which they rely on cloud or water vapor regions. Atmospheric motion wind vector can observe over a wide area and at high frequency. However, it has problems such as altitude estimation, altitude resolution, observation accuracy, and wind measurement in clear/dry regions and limited layers. It is expected that atmospheric motion wind vector by a hyper-infrared sounder planned to be installed on the next geostationary meteorological satellite Himawari will improve these issues, but the altitude estimation by passive sensor observations remains as issue. A satellite wind observing system capable of observation with high precision and high vertical resolution is required.
The European Space Agency launched the Aeolus mounted a space-based Doppler wind lidar in August 2018 with the aim of improving the initial global wind input for numerical forecasting and deepening the understanding and modeling of atmospheric dynamics phenomena at global and regional scales. The Aeolus has realized the altitude distribution observation of the global wind from space, and has demonstrated the importance of the wind profile and the usefulness of the Doppler wind lidar for the great effect in improving the accuracy of numerical forecasting and the application to atmospheric dynamics. The Aeolus has already passed its three-year design life. The European Space Agency and the European Space Agency are considering a successor mission to the Aeolus. In Japan, we are conducting feasibility study of a space-based coherent Doppler wind lidar that uses a detection method different from Aeolus. We are also investigating improvements in numerical forecast accuracy, applications to atmospheric dynamics and atmospheric transportation, and safe operation of aircraft. The presentation is a proposal for a Japan's original space-based Doppler wind lidar that uses the basic technology of the ISS-based vegetation lidar MOLI, the first lidar observation from space. The proposal aims at high-resolution four-dimensional wind observation on a global scale by integrating with the wind observation by the Himawari, the next Aeolus, and future satellite wind observing systems.