5:15 PM - 6:45 PM
[M-ZZ44] Marine manganese deposits - Genesis, exploration and development
Marine manganese deposits occur in all world oceans, as nodules, crusts, and massive aggregates. The deposits are known as potential resources of Co, Cu, Ni, REE as well as geological archives of surface environments. However, the controlling parameters on the regional and temporal variations in chemical and mineralogical composition have not been well understood yet. In the session, various factors in growth, enrichment and circulation of metals, paleoenvironment, formation age are discussed with the results of exploration and environmental impact studies from viewpoints of geosciences, engineering, and environments.