10:00 AM - 10:15 AM
[SVC33-05] Case studies of pressure wave detection of massive eruption using second order differential images of the meteorological satellite "Himawari"
Keywords:Massive eruption, Meteorological satellite "Himawari", Tsunami
Massive eruption in the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai began at around 0400Z on January 15, 2022. In Japan tsunami was observed. Tsunami is considered to be caused by the multiple factors such as resonance with atmospheric pressure wave and amplification by topography.
There are three cases of meteotsunami caused by pressure waves from massive eruption at Krakatau in 1883, Bezymianny in 1956, and Tonga Islands in 2022. All of the volcanic plume reached 50,000 feet. JMA improved the tsunami information, and issues "possibility of the tsunami" when a massive eruption with the volcanic plume more than 50,000 feet is observed.
The second order differential image of brightness temperature of band 10 taken every 10 minutes by Himawari, which is sensitive to water vapor in the upper-middle troposphere, showed the propagation of concentric pressure waves on a global scale. It is not a direct observation of atmospheric pressure, but a visualization of the brightness temperature associated with changes in air pressure. Although the uncertainty of relationship between brightness temperature and atmospheric pressure change disturb the quantitative evaluation, it is an effective method for quickly detecting global pressure waves.
Using the same method, We checked images of 22 cases of VAA calls for volcanic plume over 50,000 feet in height, since the Himawari meteorological satellite began operation (July 7, 2015). As a result, the concentric propagation of the brightness temperature change was confirmed at Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba (Japan, August 13, 2021), and Bezymianny (Russia, May 28, 2022). We also confirmed arc-shaped propagation in Krakatau (Indonesia, December 22, 2018). However, the propagation was clearly visible just around the volcano, the duration time was short. It was difficult to confirm the details of Bezimiranny due to bad weather.
In addition, for the Tonga Islands, Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba, and Krakatau, we checked the second order differential image of brightness temperature of three bands (band 8, band 10, and band 12) of Himawari-8 every 10 minutes. As a result, images of band 10 clearly detected all phenomena. Details are as follows. In the case of the Tonga Islands, clear propagation was confirmed in all three bands, especially band 12, which is sensitive to the stratosphere. The reason would be thought that the actual volcanic plume height reached the stratosphere. In the case of the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba, which the volcanic plume reached the vicinity of the tropopause, bands 8 and 10 were equally clear, and band 12 was unclear. And propagation at Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba was not only just after the eruption but also approximately 18 hours later. In the case of Krakatau, where a tsunami was generated by a collapse, only images of band 10 was clear, that of band 8 was somewhat unclear, and that of band 12 was unclear. In the case of Krakatau, the collapse of the volcanic edifice is thought to have occurred at 22/1403Z and 22/1405Z on local time. However, the height of the volcanic plume increased the morning after the collapse. It is difficult to detect the tsunami possibility caused to the massive eruption based on just the height of volcanic plume.
There are three cases of meteotsunami caused by pressure waves from massive eruption at Krakatau in 1883, Bezymianny in 1956, and Tonga Islands in 2022. All of the volcanic plume reached 50,000 feet. JMA improved the tsunami information, and issues "possibility of the tsunami" when a massive eruption with the volcanic plume more than 50,000 feet is observed.
The second order differential image of brightness temperature of band 10 taken every 10 minutes by Himawari, which is sensitive to water vapor in the upper-middle troposphere, showed the propagation of concentric pressure waves on a global scale. It is not a direct observation of atmospheric pressure, but a visualization of the brightness temperature associated with changes in air pressure. Although the uncertainty of relationship between brightness temperature and atmospheric pressure change disturb the quantitative evaluation, it is an effective method for quickly detecting global pressure waves.
Using the same method, We checked images of 22 cases of VAA calls for volcanic plume over 50,000 feet in height, since the Himawari meteorological satellite began operation (July 7, 2015). As a result, the concentric propagation of the brightness temperature change was confirmed at Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba (Japan, August 13, 2021), and Bezymianny (Russia, May 28, 2022). We also confirmed arc-shaped propagation in Krakatau (Indonesia, December 22, 2018). However, the propagation was clearly visible just around the volcano, the duration time was short. It was difficult to confirm the details of Bezimiranny due to bad weather.
In addition, for the Tonga Islands, Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba, and Krakatau, we checked the second order differential image of brightness temperature of three bands (band 8, band 10, and band 12) of Himawari-8 every 10 minutes. As a result, images of band 10 clearly detected all phenomena. Details are as follows. In the case of the Tonga Islands, clear propagation was confirmed in all three bands, especially band 12, which is sensitive to the stratosphere. The reason would be thought that the actual volcanic plume height reached the stratosphere. In the case of the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba, which the volcanic plume reached the vicinity of the tropopause, bands 8 and 10 were equally clear, and band 12 was unclear. And propagation at Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba was not only just after the eruption but also approximately 18 hours later. In the case of Krakatau, where a tsunami was generated by a collapse, only images of band 10 was clear, that of band 8 was somewhat unclear, and that of band 12 was unclear. In the case of Krakatau, the collapse of the volcanic edifice is thought to have occurred at 22/1403Z and 22/1405Z on local time. However, the height of the volcanic plume increased the morning after the collapse. It is difficult to detect the tsunami possibility caused to the massive eruption based on just the height of volcanic plume.