Tue. May 28, 2024 4:45 PM - 5:00 PM 302 (International Conference Hall, Makuhari Messe)

Marine manganese deposits forming nodules, crusts, and massive aggregates are known as potential resources for strategic metals as well as geological archives of surface environments. However, the controlling parameters of variations in chemical and mineralogical compositions on regional and temporal scales have not been well understood yet. In this session, various factors in growth processes, enrichment and circulation of metals, paleoenvironment, formation age are discussed with the results of exploration and environmental impact studies from viewpoints of geosciences and engineering.