[G-01] Comprehensive Disaster Prevention Education

[G01-P03] Questionnaire survey of memories and knowledge of mega earthquakes among undergraduate students of education in Indonesia and Japan

*Tomohiro Takebayashi^1,2,3, Nurul Fitriyah Sulaeman⁴ (1.Faculty of Education, Art and Science Yamagata University, 2.Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, 3.Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka, 4.Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Mulawarman University)

Keywords:Disaster Education, Disaster Mitigation, Great earthquake, Questionnaire survey, Great East Japan Earthquake, Sumatra earthquake

The year 2024 marks 29 years since the M7.3 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake (Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake), 20 years after the M9.1 Sumatra Earthquake, and 13 years since the M9.0 Tohoku Earthquake (Great East Japan Earthquake). The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake was the first time an intensity of 7 seismic intensity was observed by the Japan Meteorological Agency; according to the final report by the Cabinet Office, 6,434 people were killed. The Sumatra and Great East Japan earthquakes were plate earthquakes, resulting in more than 300,000 dead or missing in the Sumatra earthquake and approximately 20,000 dead or missing in the Great East Japan Earthquake. Indonesia and Japan's experience with these large-scale earthquakes has promoted formal and informal education on disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, 92 Indonesian national university undergraduate students of education (science), 85 Japanese national university undergraduate students of education (other than science), and 8 Japanese private university undergraduate students of education (science) in the Tokai region were surveyed for their knowledge and memory of earthquake disasters. First, the Indonesian survey results showed that their age at the time of the M9.1 Sumatra earthquake (2004) was around 2 years old. In a 5-point questionnaire, 50% (n=43/84) of the students answered "1: don't remember at all" or "2: don't remember much," and 49% (n=43/88) had never seen a video of the earthquake. To a question asking if they could explain the mechanism of earthquakes, 42% (n=37/88) answered 1 and 2: "No, I can't" or "Difficult. Next, the results of the survey of non-science university students at Japan's College of Education showed that they were around eight years old at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake. On the question of memory of the Great East Japan Earthquake, 5% (n=4/85) of the respondents answered "2: I don't remember much" or "1: I don't remember", and conversely, 88% (n=75/85) answered "5: I remember very much" or "4: I remember well". One hundred percent (n=85) of the students answered that they had seen a video of the earthquake. On the other hand, the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake occurred before they were born, and when asked if they knew about it, the highest percentage of 48% (n=41/85) answered "3: I know about it," while 20% (n=17/85) answered "5: I know very much" and "4: I know it well," and 31 percent (n=27/85) of the respondents answered "2: do not know much" and "1: do not know. Thirty-four percent (29) of the students had never seen a video of the earthquake. When asked if they could explain the mechanism of earthquakes, 35% (n=30/85) of the students answered 1 and 2: not possible or difficult. Finally, the results of the survey of Japanese science education students, who were of the same age as the previous group, showed that 100% (n=8) had seen videos of the Great East Japan Earthquake, with 0% (1 and 2) saying that they had seen videos. On the other hand, regarding the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, 7 students selected "2: I don't know much about it" and "3: I know about it" (breakdown: 3 students selected 2; 4 students selected 3), and one student selected "4: I know much about it," with no students selecting "5: I know a lot about it" or "1: I don't know anything about it. Two out of the eight respondents had never seen a video of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Finally, we asked both Indonesian and Japanese students a common question:’ If you had a chance to go to a science conference, would you like to attend? As a result, 83% (n=71/85) of Indonesian students chose 3-5 (would like to participate), 63% (n=54/85) of Japanese students outside science in the Faculty of Education, and 75% (n=6/8) of Japanese students in science education. These results suggest that as the years have passed since the disaster, memories and knowledge have weathered. To prevent this, it is necessary to use videos and other materials as teaching aids and continue education on disaster prevention and mitigation. Because the number of people surveyed in this study was small, we plan to conduct further surveys in the future