5:15 PM - 6:45 PM
[HCG19-P01] Appreciations of Japanese landscapes by the western travelers (1878-1910) Period of tourists and missionaries
Keywords:appreciation of Japanese landscapes, Meiji era, tourists and missionaries, westerners
Period of tourists and missionaries
Japan became well known in Europe. Many tourists and missionaries came to Japan. They enjoyed sightseeing, and wrote about the landscapes of Japan. They also described what had been written by earlier visitors. However, some people like Bird and Weston who traveled and lighted to the unknown areas and mountains of Japan. These descriptions inform us about Japanese landscapes at the time, and provide clues of the reason why Japan's landscapes were so beautiful. They also told about the deterioration of the landscape in urban areas under the influence of westernization. In the literature research up to now, we found the descriptions of the experiences of 35 people.
Kleitner, G., Austrian Hungary Imperial Soldier; Seto Inland Sea, Kobe, Arima Onsen, Kyoto, Kakegawa, Gotemba, Mt. Fuji, Yokohama, Nikko, Shichie Village, Otaru, Hakodate (Plants flourish, rural scenery reminiscent of hometown)
Bird, I. L., British Missionaries; Tokyo Bay, Yokohama, Kasukabe, Tone River, Tochigi, Utsunomiya, Imaichi, Nikko, Yumoto, Fujiwara, Ikari, Sanno Pass, Ichikawa Pass, Takada, Katamon, Nozawa, Kurumatoge, Tsugawa, Agano River, Niigata, Nakajo, Utsu Pass, Yonezawa, Kaminoyama, Obanazawa, Yokote, Otsunagi, Odate, Shirasawa, Yatate Pass, Tsugaruzaka, Nanae, Muroran, Shiraoi, Sapporo, Usu, Rebunka (vegetation change every 5 degrees latitude, Rocky Mountains, Scotland, Hebrides, Cone Mountain, Komagatake, Autumn Leaves)
Nordenskioeld, A.E., Commander of the Finland Arctic Expedition; Tokyo, Ikaho, Kusatsu, Usui Pass, Hyogo, Lake Biwa, Kyoto, Seto Inland Sea (Japan gardens are not beautiful, grassland deciduous trees are good, Seto Inland Sea is monotonous)
Crow, A. H., British Geographical Fellow; Edo Bay, Kobe, Osaka Castle, Kyoto Yasaka, Lake Biwa, Sukihari Pass, Tarui, Oi, Magome, Miruno, Rincheonji, Ontakeyama, Yabuhara, Torii Pass, Maarai, Shiojiri Pass, Komoro, Sakamoto, Kanuma, Yamate, Seki, Enoshima, Ashinoyu, Mt. Fuji, Otome Pass, Volcano Bay, Hakodate (Haruz Forest, Wales Resort, Thuringia, Switzerland, Forest and Meadow, World's Best Fuji, Sunset View)
Cotteu, E., French explorer; Nagasaki, Seto Inland Sea, Continuous Lakes, Edo Bay, Yokohama, Asakusa, Seiyoken, Kamakura, Furukawa, Cedar Avenue, Kegon Falls, Lake Chuzenji, Hamarikyu Palace, Shinjuku Gyoen, Enoshima, Hakone, Hara, Yoshiwara Village, Yui, Kunozan Village, Hisaka Village, Shinsho, Nagoya Castle, Sekimachi, Miidera, Nara, Kobe, Osaka Bridges (Strong Plants, Well Cultivated Fields, Ohki Faith, Mont Blanc and Fuji)
La Farge, J., American painter; Yokohama, railway slope, pine tree, temple, pastral, lotus, ocean, mist, Mt. Fuji, sunrise, flowering, Toshogu Shrine, Kannon, Lake Biwa, boat, gate, Kanbara, outer line, cloud shadow, conical mountain, Miyanoshita, sunlight at the top, wild rose, edge of distant mountain, road sign
Weston, W., British Missionaries; Nagasaki, Mt. Fuken, Mt. Kirishima, Aso, Yabakei, Setouchi, Kiso, Shiojiri Pass, Kamanashi River, Misaka Pass, Chikashichi, Kamikochi, Yarigatake, Hotaka, Otomi, Kasumizawadake, Hakuba (Sotetsu's native growth, mountain landscape, alpine scenery, alpine forest, alpine plants)
Ponting, H. G., British Photographer; Kyoto, Shimogamo Shrine Forest, Hozu River Descent, Kumamoto, Aso, Usui Pass, Mt. Asama, Otome Pass, Beauty of Lake Shoji, Fuji River, Mt. Fuji and Awn, Kamakura, Shizuura Pine Forest, Miyajima (Higashiyama Forest and Temple, Volcanic Landscape, Switzerland and Kyushu, Oasis of This World, Gornagrad, Yosemite Point)
Lerch, T., Austrian Hungary Imperial Soldier; Yokohama, Tokyo, Takada, Mt. Fuji, Mt. Myoko, Yoneyama, Lake Nojiri, Torii Pass, Shiojiri Pass, Wada Pass, Mt. Bandai, Lake Inawashiro, Mt. Azuma, Mt. Iitoyo, Agano River, Mt. Nikko-Shirane, Mt. Kurohime, Mt. Iiso, Lake Ashi, Misenyama, Rishiri Island, Lake Oabashiri, Lake Notori, Mt. Kasuga (snow and plants, cherry blossom trees, electric poles and wires, remembering the Alps, Pratel, green Steinemark)
Japan became well known in Europe. Many tourists and missionaries came to Japan. They enjoyed sightseeing, and wrote about the landscapes of Japan. They also described what had been written by earlier visitors. However, some people like Bird and Weston who traveled and lighted to the unknown areas and mountains of Japan. These descriptions inform us about Japanese landscapes at the time, and provide clues of the reason why Japan's landscapes were so beautiful. They also told about the deterioration of the landscape in urban areas under the influence of westernization. In the literature research up to now, we found the descriptions of the experiences of 35 people.
Kleitner, G., Austrian Hungary Imperial Soldier; Seto Inland Sea, Kobe, Arima Onsen, Kyoto, Kakegawa, Gotemba, Mt. Fuji, Yokohama, Nikko, Shichie Village, Otaru, Hakodate (Plants flourish, rural scenery reminiscent of hometown)
Bird, I. L., British Missionaries; Tokyo Bay, Yokohama, Kasukabe, Tone River, Tochigi, Utsunomiya, Imaichi, Nikko, Yumoto, Fujiwara, Ikari, Sanno Pass, Ichikawa Pass, Takada, Katamon, Nozawa, Kurumatoge, Tsugawa, Agano River, Niigata, Nakajo, Utsu Pass, Yonezawa, Kaminoyama, Obanazawa, Yokote, Otsunagi, Odate, Shirasawa, Yatate Pass, Tsugaruzaka, Nanae, Muroran, Shiraoi, Sapporo, Usu, Rebunka (vegetation change every 5 degrees latitude, Rocky Mountains, Scotland, Hebrides, Cone Mountain, Komagatake, Autumn Leaves)
Nordenskioeld, A.E., Commander of the Finland Arctic Expedition; Tokyo, Ikaho, Kusatsu, Usui Pass, Hyogo, Lake Biwa, Kyoto, Seto Inland Sea (Japan gardens are not beautiful, grassland deciduous trees are good, Seto Inland Sea is monotonous)
Crow, A. H., British Geographical Fellow; Edo Bay, Kobe, Osaka Castle, Kyoto Yasaka, Lake Biwa, Sukihari Pass, Tarui, Oi, Magome, Miruno, Rincheonji, Ontakeyama, Yabuhara, Torii Pass, Maarai, Shiojiri Pass, Komoro, Sakamoto, Kanuma, Yamate, Seki, Enoshima, Ashinoyu, Mt. Fuji, Otome Pass, Volcano Bay, Hakodate (Haruz Forest, Wales Resort, Thuringia, Switzerland, Forest and Meadow, World's Best Fuji, Sunset View)
Cotteu, E., French explorer; Nagasaki, Seto Inland Sea, Continuous Lakes, Edo Bay, Yokohama, Asakusa, Seiyoken, Kamakura, Furukawa, Cedar Avenue, Kegon Falls, Lake Chuzenji, Hamarikyu Palace, Shinjuku Gyoen, Enoshima, Hakone, Hara, Yoshiwara Village, Yui, Kunozan Village, Hisaka Village, Shinsho, Nagoya Castle, Sekimachi, Miidera, Nara, Kobe, Osaka Bridges (Strong Plants, Well Cultivated Fields, Ohki Faith, Mont Blanc and Fuji)
La Farge, J., American painter; Yokohama, railway slope, pine tree, temple, pastral, lotus, ocean, mist, Mt. Fuji, sunrise, flowering, Toshogu Shrine, Kannon, Lake Biwa, boat, gate, Kanbara, outer line, cloud shadow, conical mountain, Miyanoshita, sunlight at the top, wild rose, edge of distant mountain, road sign
Weston, W., British Missionaries; Nagasaki, Mt. Fuken, Mt. Kirishima, Aso, Yabakei, Setouchi, Kiso, Shiojiri Pass, Kamanashi River, Misaka Pass, Chikashichi, Kamikochi, Yarigatake, Hotaka, Otomi, Kasumizawadake, Hakuba (Sotetsu's native growth, mountain landscape, alpine scenery, alpine forest, alpine plants)
Ponting, H. G., British Photographer; Kyoto, Shimogamo Shrine Forest, Hozu River Descent, Kumamoto, Aso, Usui Pass, Mt. Asama, Otome Pass, Beauty of Lake Shoji, Fuji River, Mt. Fuji and Awn, Kamakura, Shizuura Pine Forest, Miyajima (Higashiyama Forest and Temple, Volcanic Landscape, Switzerland and Kyushu, Oasis of This World, Gornagrad, Yosemite Point)
Lerch, T., Austrian Hungary Imperial Soldier; Yokohama, Tokyo, Takada, Mt. Fuji, Mt. Myoko, Yoneyama, Lake Nojiri, Torii Pass, Shiojiri Pass, Wada Pass, Mt. Bandai, Lake Inawashiro, Mt. Azuma, Mt. Iitoyo, Agano River, Mt. Nikko-Shirane, Mt. Kurohime, Mt. Iiso, Lake Ashi, Misenyama, Rishiri Island, Lake Oabashiri, Lake Notori, Mt. Kasuga (snow and plants, cherry blossom trees, electric poles and wires, remembering the Alps, Pratel, green Steinemark)