[H-DS09] Human environment and disaster risk

[HDS09-P09] Analysis of Damage and Losses to Education and Health Facilities Caused by Tsunamis in Coastal Areas of North Sulawesi

*Riantini Virtriana^1,2, Muhammad Rizky Altasya³, Irwan Meilano^1,4, Wiwin Windupranata^1,5 (1.Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, 2.Geographic Information Science and Technology Research Group, 3.Geodesy and Geomatic Engineering Study Program, 4.Spatial and Cadastre System Research Group, 5.Hydrography Research Group)

Keywords:Tsunami, Vulnerability, Building Taxonomy, Damage, Economic Loss

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Indonesia has experienced a total of 246 tsunami events from the year 416 to 2018. In recent years, the Central Sulawesi Region has experienced natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, and liquefaction. A magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck Palu and Dongala, resulting in significant impact. This disaster caused 2,736 moderately damaged school units and 22 severely damaged units, consisting of hospitals and health centers. Areas near the earthquake epicenter are prone to tsunami threats, particularly the Minahasa Islands, the northern part of Mongondow, and the northern part of Gorontalo. The North Coast of North Sulawesi and Gorontalo are predicted to have high vulnerability to tsunamis. Megathrust earthquakes, resulting from plate movements in the sea, are the primary sources of potential tsunamis in the region. The tsunami inundation map is generated using modeled tsunami scenarios comprising 22 scenarios, with 2 types of scenarios: predictive and historical. Predictive scenarios are based on the potential occurrence of the largest earthquake magnitude. Meanwhile, historical scenarios are based on past earthquake events. Tsunami incidents inevitably affect buildings, which hold high economic value and functionality. This research aims to calculate the damage and economic loss to education and healthcare facilities. Three crucial factors contribute to vulnerability in healthcare facilities: design specifications for building structures, site selection, and materials, all of which should adhere to standards for withstanding natural disasters. Policymakers must consider this risk and implement measures, including assessing the risk of residing in permanent buildings in tsunami-prone areas. Calculating the vulnerability of buildings to disaster-induced damage is essential for preparing anticipatory measures that can minimize economic losses. Data availability is crucial for determining damage and economic losses due to tsunami disasters. This depends on results from potential tsunami hazards, utilizing administrative boundary data, exposure, tsunami hazard, building prices, and vulnerability curves. This data can estimate the level of damage and economic losses in the research area. The method used for determining damage is curve fit based on the vulnerability curve of the 2006 Pangandaran Tsunami. The dominant taxonomy structure for both school and health buildings in all sub-districts is the one-storey MCF taxonomy. The total number of damaged education facilities is 412, and for health facilities, it is 9 due to the tsunami disaster. Economic losses are calculated from the damage index, HSGBN, and the total building area. The total economic loss for school buildings is estimated to be 732.8 billion, while the total economic loss for health facility buildings is estimated to be 26.25 billion caused by the tsunami disaster.