[H-SC07] CCUS (Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization, and Storage) for Climate Mitigation

[HSC07-P07] Study of estimation methods for carbon dioxide concentration using hyperspectral sensor

*Nami Mitsuhara¹, Tatsuhiko Narita¹, Hiromi Kamata¹, Tomomi Takeda² (1.JGI, Inc., 2.Japan Space Systems)

Keywords:HISUI ( Hyperspectral Imager SUIte ), hyperspectral sensor, carbon dioxide, CCS monitoring

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the typical greenhouse gas (GHG) that has the greatest impact on global warming, and in recent years the importance of reducing CO2 emissions has increased. CCS (Carbon capture and storage) is attracting attention as a technology that greatly contributes to reducing CO2 emissions by capturing CO2 and storing it subsurface for long periods. During and after CCS operations, various types of subsurface and surface monitoring (ex. reservoir temperature and pressure, CO2 plume distribution, environmental impacts, well integrity, microseismicity etc.) will continue for decades. Among these important monitoring methods, atmospheric monitoring at the ground surface is effective in immediately detecting CO2 leaks. If it becomes possible to detect trace amounts of CO2 using satellite image data that observes a wide area, the satellite data analysis will contribute to the regional CO2 monitoring around the storage sites. GHG observation satellites such as GOSAT-2 (“Ibuki-2”) can be used for global CO2 observation, and their spatial resolution is 9.7 km. Therefore, it is difficult to identify and monitor CO2 emission sources using these low spatial resolution satellite data.
In recent years, hyperspectral sensors have begun to be operated in many countries and expected to use for CO2 monitoring. In Japan, the hyperspectral sensor HISUI (Hyperspectral Imager SUIte) onboard the International Space Station (ISS) can be used now. HISUI is a hyperspectral sensor for space demonstrations developed and operated by the Japan Space Systems under contract with the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. HISUI has 185 bands and high spatial resolution of 20m x 31m.
In this study, we tried to detect small CO2 and methane gas anomalies for facilities with low gas emissions compared to large gas emitting sources such as steel works and estimate gas concentrations. The on-site gas concentration measurements that corrected for daily changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide were used for the gas concentration conversion. Where anomalies were detected, were compared with the gas emission data for each specific business emitter disclosed by the Ministry of the Environment under the Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Reporting System based on Law on Global Warming Countermeasures. Their validity and the detection limits of CO2 for the HISUI sensor were discussed and we considered how to use satellite images for CO2 monitoring.
This study has been carried out under the sponsorship of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and commissioned by the Japan Space System (JSS) to JGI.