10:15 AM - 10:30 AM
[HDS09-06] Analysis of Disaster Information Dissemination by Local TV Stations Using L-Shape Information
-A Case Study of Toyama Prefecture in the Noto Peninsula Earthquake of 2024-
Keywords:L-shaped Information, Disaster Information, Media Information, Noto Peninsula Earthquake
In Japan, seismic activity has tended to increase since the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011. Although the use of SNS to disseminate disaster information has become popular, the information reliability being transmitted is also being questioned. Television is considered important in times of disaster because of its quality assurance and timeliness. This study investigates what kind of emergency information was transmitted in the L-shaped area by using television for local area.
We analyzed emergency disaster information broadcast by KNB, a local media in Toyama, regarding the Noto Peninsula earthquake that occurred on New Year's Day, 2024. We analyzed the text data, as well as the start and end times of the broadcasts, from the time immediately after the disaster until the end of the emergency broadcasts the following day. In particular, we set up two axes, broadcast start time and broadcast duration, and used scatter plots to capture an overview of trends.
The relationship between the display start-time (horizontal axis) and display duration (vertical axis) for each item on the L-shaped screen on January 1, when the disaster occurred, is shown in Figure. As shown in Figure, the scatter plots were classified into four quadrants by delimiting the area with a certain threshold value. (1) is located in the upper left quadrant and is characterized by a quick response time from the occurrence of a disaster to the display of information, as well as a long display time. (2) is located in the upper right corner and is characterized by a slower time from the occurrence of a disaster to the display and a longer display time. (3) is located in the lower right corner and is characterized by a slow time from the occurrence of a disaster to the display and a short information display time, and (4) is located in the lower left corner and is characterized by a fast time from the occurrence of a disaster to the display and a short information display time. We investigated what kind of information was classified into these four categories.
Looking at the day of the disaster, the first item in (1) was a local, pinpoint area information: “[Toyama City Railway] All lines are suspended”. This information was not updated frequently because of the small size of the operating area, although the damage was quickly assessed due to the small area. In the second case, the information was mainly on lines with wide-area jurisdiction, although it was also railway-related information. This is due to the large area affected and the large scale of the operating area, and it is assumed that it took time to grasp the situation and make decisions, resulting in a delay in the start of information dissemination. (3) included “information on evacuation centers. While it took time to grasp the status of the opening of evacuation centers, it is assumed that the information was updated frequently because the status of the opening of evacuation centers and the number of evacuees were changing. The “seismic intensity information” was included in (4). Seismic intensity information can be quickly obtained immediately after a disaster strikes, but the seismic intensity never changes, and the update frequency is extremely low. We guessed that this reality was also reproduced in the L-shaped information.
Furthermore, interviews were conducted with the broadcasters in charge. As a result, local broadcasters prioritized the types of information to be disseminated from various perspectives and also considered the duration of information provision. In particular, it became clear that local broadcasters had to make difficult decisions due to the competition between the needs of the recipients and the business reasons of the broadcasters.
In anticipation of a major disaster in the future, many local media must transmit disaster information from their own standpoints. We believe that the results of this study can be used as reference information for their information dissemination.
We analyzed emergency disaster information broadcast by KNB, a local media in Toyama, regarding the Noto Peninsula earthquake that occurred on New Year's Day, 2024. We analyzed the text data, as well as the start and end times of the broadcasts, from the time immediately after the disaster until the end of the emergency broadcasts the following day. In particular, we set up two axes, broadcast start time and broadcast duration, and used scatter plots to capture an overview of trends.
The relationship between the display start-time (horizontal axis) and display duration (vertical axis) for each item on the L-shaped screen on January 1, when the disaster occurred, is shown in Figure. As shown in Figure, the scatter plots were classified into four quadrants by delimiting the area with a certain threshold value. (1) is located in the upper left quadrant and is characterized by a quick response time from the occurrence of a disaster to the display of information, as well as a long display time. (2) is located in the upper right corner and is characterized by a slower time from the occurrence of a disaster to the display and a longer display time. (3) is located in the lower right corner and is characterized by a slow time from the occurrence of a disaster to the display and a short information display time, and (4) is located in the lower left corner and is characterized by a fast time from the occurrence of a disaster to the display and a short information display time. We investigated what kind of information was classified into these four categories.
Looking at the day of the disaster, the first item in (1) was a local, pinpoint area information: “[Toyama City Railway] All lines are suspended”. This information was not updated frequently because of the small size of the operating area, although the damage was quickly assessed due to the small area. In the second case, the information was mainly on lines with wide-area jurisdiction, although it was also railway-related information. This is due to the large area affected and the large scale of the operating area, and it is assumed that it took time to grasp the situation and make decisions, resulting in a delay in the start of information dissemination. (3) included “information on evacuation centers. While it took time to grasp the status of the opening of evacuation centers, it is assumed that the information was updated frequently because the status of the opening of evacuation centers and the number of evacuees were changing. The “seismic intensity information” was included in (4). Seismic intensity information can be quickly obtained immediately after a disaster strikes, but the seismic intensity never changes, and the update frequency is extremely low. We guessed that this reality was also reproduced in the L-shaped information.
Furthermore, interviews were conducted with the broadcasters in charge. As a result, local broadcasters prioritized the types of information to be disseminated from various perspectives and also considered the duration of information provision. In particular, it became clear that local broadcasters had to make difficult decisions due to the competition between the needs of the recipients and the business reasons of the broadcasters.
In anticipation of a major disaster in the future, many local media must transmit disaster information from their own standpoints. We believe that the results of this study can be used as reference information for their information dissemination.