17:15 〜 19:15
[HGG01-P03] Non-phthalate plasticizer residues in Japan and Indonesia
Plastic pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems. Plasticizer is one of plastic additive that gives plastic products flexibility and facilitates processing. PVC products contain plasticizers at a ratio of about 10~80 %. Since plasticizers are not chemically bound to plastic products, it is said that plasticizers are leached from plastic products in water. In fact, plasticizer residues in aquatic environments have been reported in many parts of the world. Phthalate plasticizers were mainly used as plasticizers. However, the use of six phthalate plasticizers is currently regulated in Japan, the EU, and the US because of their potential endocrine disrupting effects in humans. Therefore, non-phthalate plasticizers have begun to be used as alternative plasticizers to phthalate plasticizers, and their use is on the rise. However, little is known about the residue of non-phthalate plasticizers in aquatic environments. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify the residual concentrations of non-phthalate plasticizers in water environments in Japan and Indonesia, which have different plastic contamination conditions.
In Japan, seawater and sediment in Osaka Bay were targeted. Seawater was sampled three times from March to August 2023 at 14 sites each time, and sediment was sampled at 14 sites from September to November 2022. In Indonesia, the target samples were water and sediment in Opak and Code river, which flow through the central part of special region of Yogyakarta. River water and sediment were sampled 5 times from May to November 2024 at 6~10 sites. The plasticizers targeted were DEHP (Diethylhexyl phthalate), DIBA (Diisobutyl adipate), ATBC (Acetyl tributyl citrate), DEHA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate), DEHS (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate) and TOTM (Trioctyl trimellitate). Plasticizers in water samples were extracted and concentrated by solid phase extraction using Oasis Max Plus Short column, and the concentration of each plasticizer in concentrated samples was quantified by LC/MS (Liquid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry). Plasticizers in sediment samples were extracted and concentrated by ethyl acetate and dichloromethane and quantitatively analyzed by LC/MS.
In seawater from Osaka Bay, DEHP, ATBC, DEHA, and TOTM were detected at 194-19,149 ng/L, <MQL-468 ng/L, <MQL-604 ng/L, and <MQL-382 ng/L, respectively. DEHP was detected at all sampling sites. In sediment from Osaka Bay, DEHP, ATBC, DEHA, DEHS, and TOTM were detected at 53-1,161 ng/g, <MQL-69 ng/g, <MQL-83 ng/g, <MQL-184 ng/g, <MQL-131 ng/g respectively. In water from Opak and Code river in Indonesia, only DEHP was detected at <MQL-1,413 ng/L, and no non-phthalate plasticizers were detected. Although there are topographical differences between Osaka Bay in Japan and Indonesian rivers, residual concentrations of plasticizers in Indonesian rivers were lower than those in Osaka Bay. One of the reasons for the lower concentrations of plasticizer residues in the Opak and Code rivers is the lower inflow of industrial wastewater. In Java, Indonesia, there are large industrial areas on the north coast. Special region of Yogyakarta, where the sampling was conducted, is located on the south coast of Java island and has fewer factories and more dense housing than northern Java island. So, water and sediment in Opak and Code river do not appear to contain much industrial wastewater. Factory effluent is said to be one of the main sources of environmental residues of plasticizers. Therefore, plasticizer contamination may be more severe in North Java, where there are many factories, than in South Java.
*MQL: Method Quantification Limit
In Japan, seawater and sediment in Osaka Bay were targeted. Seawater was sampled three times from March to August 2023 at 14 sites each time, and sediment was sampled at 14 sites from September to November 2022. In Indonesia, the target samples were water and sediment in Opak and Code river, which flow through the central part of special region of Yogyakarta. River water and sediment were sampled 5 times from May to November 2024 at 6~10 sites. The plasticizers targeted were DEHP (Diethylhexyl phthalate), DIBA (Diisobutyl adipate), ATBC (Acetyl tributyl citrate), DEHA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate), DEHS (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate) and TOTM (Trioctyl trimellitate). Plasticizers in water samples were extracted and concentrated by solid phase extraction using Oasis Max Plus Short column, and the concentration of each plasticizer in concentrated samples was quantified by LC/MS (Liquid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry). Plasticizers in sediment samples were extracted and concentrated by ethyl acetate and dichloromethane and quantitatively analyzed by LC/MS.
In seawater from Osaka Bay, DEHP, ATBC, DEHA, and TOTM were detected at 194-19,149 ng/L, <MQL-468 ng/L, <MQL-604 ng/L, and <MQL-382 ng/L, respectively. DEHP was detected at all sampling sites. In sediment from Osaka Bay, DEHP, ATBC, DEHA, DEHS, and TOTM were detected at 53-1,161 ng/g, <MQL-69 ng/g, <MQL-83 ng/g, <MQL-184 ng/g, <MQL-131 ng/g respectively. In water from Opak and Code river in Indonesia, only DEHP was detected at <MQL-1,413 ng/L, and no non-phthalate plasticizers were detected. Although there are topographical differences between Osaka Bay in Japan and Indonesian rivers, residual concentrations of plasticizers in Indonesian rivers were lower than those in Osaka Bay. One of the reasons for the lower concentrations of plasticizer residues in the Opak and Code rivers is the lower inflow of industrial wastewater. In Java, Indonesia, there are large industrial areas on the north coast. Special region of Yogyakarta, where the sampling was conducted, is located on the south coast of Java island and has fewer factories and more dense housing than northern Java island. So, water and sediment in Opak and Code river do not appear to contain much industrial wastewater. Factory effluent is said to be one of the main sources of environmental residues of plasticizers. Therefore, plasticizer contamination may be more severe in North Java, where there are many factories, than in South Java.
*MQL: Method Quantification Limit