09:45 〜 10:00
[MIS03-04] The impact of overgrazing on wetlands in Mongolia
★Invited Papers
キーワード：overgrazing, wetland, soil erosion, Lake
The impact of overgrazing on wetlands in Mongolia
Buyanbaatar. A, Dambadarjaa. N, Ariuntsetseg. D, Orgilbold. M
Mongolian University of Life Sciences, School of Agroecology
Abstract
Wetlands in Mongolia are an important part of the ecosystem, providing a source of drinking water and a source of biodiversity. However, in recent years, overpopulation and overgrazing have hurt these ecosystems. Overgrazing has negative impacts on the ecosystem, including reducing vegetation cover, increasing soil compaction, accelerating erosion, and degrading water quality. This has resulted in a decrease in the water storage capacity of wetlands, endangering biodiversity, and changing hydrological regimes. The main goals of the research are to determine and compare the land use, soil condition, and erosion rate of wetlands in Mongolia before and after fencing. To achieve this goal, the following studies were conducted: determining the current state of land use around Zagast Nuur in Bulgan aimag, Duruutsagaan Nuur in Khuvsgul aimag, and Jargalant Bag watershed in Uulbayan soum in Sukhbaatar aimag; determining pasture type and carrying capacity; conducting soil condition and soil type and distribution studies; determining soil erosion in fenced and unfenced areas; and comparing vegetation cover. Three sample replicates were collected at each sampling station and all filtered samples were preserved with 4% formalin. Before zooplankton sampling, physicochemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH) were measured. Sorting, identification, and counting of organisms was carried out under a microscope. Zooplankton identification was analyzed at the lowest possible taxonomic level according to the standard taxonomic references (Tsalolikhin 1995). Soil samples in various landscape features with different soil horizons were collected from 33 sampling sites. Soil color, thickness, structure, density, moisture, mottles, gravels and plant root distribution were identified in each soil horizon of all soil profiles during the field survey. Sampled soils from each soil horizon were stored in polyethylene bags and transported to the soil and agro-chemistry laboratory at the Mongolian University of Life Sciences. At the laboratory, soil samples were air-dried and sieved through a 2 mm screen for experimental analysis.
According to the study of Lake Zagast, the lake has fresh or moderately mineralized water (0.48 g/dm3), and the high organic matter pollution in the water increases the growth of aquatic plants, which may lead to the death of fish by reducing water oxygen, and the erosion of the hilly terrain is the reason for the shrinkage and drying of the freshwater lake. However, a study of Lake Duruutsagaan concluded that the 2.5-fold excess of pasture capacity around the lake negatively affected ecosystem components and that changes in vegetation cover were the main causes of topsoil erosion and the transport of fine particles with high nutrient content from dry land to the aquatic environment by wind and surface runoff. According to the results of the study of the Zuun Bulag area of Jargalant Bag, Uulbayan Sum, Sukhbaatar Aimag, in terms of land use, soil erosion is weak, and the degree of erosion is moderate as it approaches the water point. By protecting the fence, soil fertility increases, the content of organic matter improves, vegetation cover increases, and moisture content in the soil depth increases, creating favorable conditions for living organisms. The vegetation cover of the fenced area is 98.0%, of which there are no plants indicating erosion, 2.0% of the total cover is moss, and there are no rocks and no scrublands. The vegetation cover of the unfenced area is 86.0%, of which there are 40.33% the vegetation indicating erosion, and it has a moderately degraded appearance, and the total cover is 14.0% of the total cover is moss.
Buyanbaatar. A, Dambadarjaa. N, Ariuntsetseg. D, Orgilbold. M
Mongolian University of Life Sciences, School of Agroecology
Abstract
Wetlands in Mongolia are an important part of the ecosystem, providing a source of drinking water and a source of biodiversity. However, in recent years, overpopulation and overgrazing have hurt these ecosystems. Overgrazing has negative impacts on the ecosystem, including reducing vegetation cover, increasing soil compaction, accelerating erosion, and degrading water quality. This has resulted in a decrease in the water storage capacity of wetlands, endangering biodiversity, and changing hydrological regimes. The main goals of the research are to determine and compare the land use, soil condition, and erosion rate of wetlands in Mongolia before and after fencing. To achieve this goal, the following studies were conducted: determining the current state of land use around Zagast Nuur in Bulgan aimag, Duruutsagaan Nuur in Khuvsgul aimag, and Jargalant Bag watershed in Uulbayan soum in Sukhbaatar aimag; determining pasture type and carrying capacity; conducting soil condition and soil type and distribution studies; determining soil erosion in fenced and unfenced areas; and comparing vegetation cover. Three sample replicates were collected at each sampling station and all filtered samples were preserved with 4% formalin. Before zooplankton sampling, physicochemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH) were measured. Sorting, identification, and counting of organisms was carried out under a microscope. Zooplankton identification was analyzed at the lowest possible taxonomic level according to the standard taxonomic references (Tsalolikhin 1995). Soil samples in various landscape features with different soil horizons were collected from 33 sampling sites. Soil color, thickness, structure, density, moisture, mottles, gravels and plant root distribution were identified in each soil horizon of all soil profiles during the field survey. Sampled soils from each soil horizon were stored in polyethylene bags and transported to the soil and agro-chemistry laboratory at the Mongolian University of Life Sciences. At the laboratory, soil samples were air-dried and sieved through a 2 mm screen for experimental analysis.
According to the study of Lake Zagast, the lake has fresh or moderately mineralized water (0.48 g/dm3), and the high organic matter pollution in the water increases the growth of aquatic plants, which may lead to the death of fish by reducing water oxygen, and the erosion of the hilly terrain is the reason for the shrinkage and drying of the freshwater lake. However, a study of Lake Duruutsagaan concluded that the 2.5-fold excess of pasture capacity around the lake negatively affected ecosystem components and that changes in vegetation cover were the main causes of topsoil erosion and the transport of fine particles with high nutrient content from dry land to the aquatic environment by wind and surface runoff. According to the results of the study of the Zuun Bulag area of Jargalant Bag, Uulbayan Sum, Sukhbaatar Aimag, in terms of land use, soil erosion is weak, and the degree of erosion is moderate as it approaches the water point. By protecting the fence, soil fertility increases, the content of organic matter improves, vegetation cover increases, and moisture content in the soil depth increases, creating favorable conditions for living organisms. The vegetation cover of the fenced area is 98.0%, of which there are no plants indicating erosion, 2.0% of the total cover is moss, and there are no rocks and no scrublands. The vegetation cover of the unfenced area is 86.0%, of which there are 40.33% the vegetation indicating erosion, and it has a moderately degraded appearance, and the total cover is 14.0% of the total cover is moss.