17:15 〜 19:15
[MIS03-P06] AVIFAUNA IN WETLANDS OF SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL MONGOLIA
★Invited Papers
キーワード：Avifauna, wetland, biodiversity, Mongolia
AVIFAUNA IN WETLANDS OF SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL MONGOLIA
Tsegmid N.
Ecology department, Mongolian University of Life Sciences,Ulaanbaatar
Tsegmid@muls.edu.mn
In order to study the composition and structure of the aquatic-semi-aquatic ornithocomplex, water bodies and adjacent territories were surveyed in different regions of Central and Southern Mongolia: lakes Ugii Nuur (Middle Khalkha steppe region) and Tsagaannuur (Mongolian-Daur mountain-forest-steppe region), Ulan-Nur and Tseel (Orog-Nur desert-steppe region); springs: Sain-Suuj and Seruun-Bulag (Gobi-Altai mountain-desert-steppe), Dal, Hadat, Kheriyn Bulag and Asman Bulag (East Gobi desert-steppe region).
The aridity of the climate of Central Asia is due to the sharp discrepancy between the large amount of incoming heat and the small amount of precipitation (Beresneva, 2006).
The aquatic and semi-aquatic ornithocomplex of Central and Southern Mongolia is represented by 93 bird species belonging to 10 orders, 21 families and 57 genera: Podicipediformes - 2, Pelecaniformes - 1, Ciconiiformes - 6, Anseriformes - 18, Falconiformes - 5, Craneiformes - 6, Charadriiformes - 32, Apodiformes - 2, Upupiformes - 1, Passeriformes - 20 species. The most common species in early June include: Great Cormorant, Swan Goose, Shelduck, Coot, Avocet, Gull and White-winged Tern.
Nature of stay. According to the nature of stay, 89 (95.7%) species are migratory, of which 76 species reliably nest in Mongolia; 4 (4.3%) species are sedentary, visiting water bodies as watering places: crested, Mongolian, horned larks and white-capped bunting.
There are 12 migratory species that are known to nest: the red-necked grebe, great crested grebe, bar-headed goose, whooper swan, ruddy shelduck, common shelduck, mallard, common merganser, coot, kentish plover, black-winged stilt and avocet.
Ecological structure. The dominant ecological group in the aquatic and semi-aquatic ornithocomplex are limnophiles, whose share is 66.7% (62 species). Of these, 12 species are reliably nesting migratory: red-necked grebe, great crested grebe, bar-headed goose, whooper swan, ruddy shelduck, common shelduck, mallard, common merganser, coot, kentish plover, black-winged stilt and avocet.
Other ecological groups are significantly less represented. The share of campophiles is 11.8% (11 species), of which 8 species are migratory: demoiselle crane, oriental plover, saltmarsh lark, skylark, steppe pipit, Transbaikal pipit, sky pipit and white-capped bunting. Sedentary species: crested, Mongolian and horned larks, regularly using the water bodies in question as watering places.
Despite the fact that the hydrological regime of lakes and rivers in Central and Southern Mongolia is unstable, many of them dry up, they are of great value for the life of the region's fauna, the preservation of many bird species that use water bodies as nesting, feeding, resting and watering places. Since the mid-1970s, flying pelicans began to appear in the eastern part of Khangai, on Lake Ugii Nuur. In Mongolia, this is the easternmost geographical point of this species' flights. At present, during the period of seasonal migrations, pelicans are found on the reservoirs of the Valley of Lakes, east of Lake Ulaan Nuur, which dries up in some years (Bold, 1989).
No deep water bodies react to fluctuations in meteorological conditions and hydrological regimes. As a result of the change in the area of the water surface of the small water body, the structure of its entire ecosystem changes. This necessitates the development and implementation of a complex of appropriate environmental protection measures and constant monitoring of the condition of both the habitat itself and the biological resources associated with it. The issue of regulation of recreational load on especially valuable water objects deserves separate consideration. Thus, Ugii Nuur (Middle Khalkha steppe region) is one of the most visited tourist sites in Mongolia.
The survey the following threat factors that influence the change of birds normal behavior and population numbers.
First, the survey team found many fishermen around Ugii Nuur. Most of tourist’s interest in this area fishing. The tourist camps and herders’ families help them with at least three fishing boats and fishing nets from families. Over 60% of the lake shore was polluted with rubbish from domestic tourism. This shows at big human influence on this area. Vegetation cover of the study area is being deteriorated by motors, livestock, and voles. Some local families were living too near to the lake.
Tsegmid N.
Ecology department, Mongolian University of Life Sciences,Ulaanbaatar
Tsegmid@muls.edu.mn
In order to study the composition and structure of the aquatic-semi-aquatic ornithocomplex, water bodies and adjacent territories were surveyed in different regions of Central and Southern Mongolia: lakes Ugii Nuur (Middle Khalkha steppe region) and Tsagaannuur (Mongolian-Daur mountain-forest-steppe region), Ulan-Nur and Tseel (Orog-Nur desert-steppe region); springs: Sain-Suuj and Seruun-Bulag (Gobi-Altai mountain-desert-steppe), Dal, Hadat, Kheriyn Bulag and Asman Bulag (East Gobi desert-steppe region).
The aridity of the climate of Central Asia is due to the sharp discrepancy between the large amount of incoming heat and the small amount of precipitation (Beresneva, 2006).
The aquatic and semi-aquatic ornithocomplex of Central and Southern Mongolia is represented by 93 bird species belonging to 10 orders, 21 families and 57 genera: Podicipediformes - 2, Pelecaniformes - 1, Ciconiiformes - 6, Anseriformes - 18, Falconiformes - 5, Craneiformes - 6, Charadriiformes - 32, Apodiformes - 2, Upupiformes - 1, Passeriformes - 20 species. The most common species in early June include: Great Cormorant, Swan Goose, Shelduck, Coot, Avocet, Gull and White-winged Tern.
Nature of stay. According to the nature of stay, 89 (95.7%) species are migratory, of which 76 species reliably nest in Mongolia; 4 (4.3%) species are sedentary, visiting water bodies as watering places: crested, Mongolian, horned larks and white-capped bunting.
There are 12 migratory species that are known to nest: the red-necked grebe, great crested grebe, bar-headed goose, whooper swan, ruddy shelduck, common shelduck, mallard, common merganser, coot, kentish plover, black-winged stilt and avocet.
Ecological structure. The dominant ecological group in the aquatic and semi-aquatic ornithocomplex are limnophiles, whose share is 66.7% (62 species). Of these, 12 species are reliably nesting migratory: red-necked grebe, great crested grebe, bar-headed goose, whooper swan, ruddy shelduck, common shelduck, mallard, common merganser, coot, kentish plover, black-winged stilt and avocet.
Other ecological groups are significantly less represented. The share of campophiles is 11.8% (11 species), of which 8 species are migratory: demoiselle crane, oriental plover, saltmarsh lark, skylark, steppe pipit, Transbaikal pipit, sky pipit and white-capped bunting. Sedentary species: crested, Mongolian and horned larks, regularly using the water bodies in question as watering places.
Despite the fact that the hydrological regime of lakes and rivers in Central and Southern Mongolia is unstable, many of them dry up, they are of great value for the life of the region's fauna, the preservation of many bird species that use water bodies as nesting, feeding, resting and watering places. Since the mid-1970s, flying pelicans began to appear in the eastern part of Khangai, on Lake Ugii Nuur. In Mongolia, this is the easternmost geographical point of this species' flights. At present, during the period of seasonal migrations, pelicans are found on the reservoirs of the Valley of Lakes, east of Lake Ulaan Nuur, which dries up in some years (Bold, 1989).
No deep water bodies react to fluctuations in meteorological conditions and hydrological regimes. As a result of the change in the area of the water surface of the small water body, the structure of its entire ecosystem changes. This necessitates the development and implementation of a complex of appropriate environmental protection measures and constant monitoring of the condition of both the habitat itself and the biological resources associated with it. The issue of regulation of recreational load on especially valuable water objects deserves separate consideration. Thus, Ugii Nuur (Middle Khalkha steppe region) is one of the most visited tourist sites in Mongolia.
The survey the following threat factors that influence the change of birds normal behavior and population numbers.
First, the survey team found many fishermen around Ugii Nuur. Most of tourist’s interest in this area fishing. The tourist camps and herders’ families help them with at least three fishing boats and fishing nets from families. Over 60% of the lake shore was polluted with rubbish from domestic tourism. This shows at big human influence on this area. Vegetation cover of the study area is being deteriorated by motors, livestock, and voles. Some local families were living too near to the lake.