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[MIS24-03] Damage to Fujizuka caused by earthquake
Keywords:Fujizuka , Earthquake Disaster, Restoration Monument, Folk Cultural Property , Structural Classification, Preservation
What is Fujizuka?
Fuji faith, which has been handed down to the present day by various people, gave rise to a religious organisation of folk mountain worship called Fuji-ko in the Edo period.
Fuji, and by performing rituals at the foot of Mt Fuji, worshipping there, or climbing the mountain as a form of mountain asceticism, they accepted the spiritual power of the mountain as the basis for the wishes of ordinary people, such as healing of various illnesses, health, travel safety, good relationships, child bearing and safe childbirth. In the second half of the Edo period, the Fuji Ko, a mutual aid organisation that included climbing and other activities, was rapidly developed by Jikigyou Miroku and Murakami Kousei.
However, it was financially and time-consuming for an individual to travel on foot to the distant Mt. Fuji, and women were not even allowed to climb the mountain, which was forbidden to women.
2. Classification and designation of Fujizuka structures as cultural properties
Fujizuka that still exist today in Kanto, Honshu, Shikoku and other regions can be divided into five main types according to their structure. They are (1) those built of lava blocks called kuroboku, gravel and other rocks, (2) those built of earth, (3) those built of a mixture of earth and kuroboku (rocks), (4) those built of concrete, and (5) those built using ancient graves or natural landforms. Some of the Fuji mounds that are outstanding in terms of age of construction, structure, scale and landscape, have preservation societies and Fuji Ko, and still hold annual events, have been designated as tangible folk cultural assets by the national and local governments.
3.Examples of earthquake damage to Fujizuka and restored monuments
Since the Edo period, when Fujizuka was first built, there have been damaging earthquakes that have caused damage to many structures. Some of the damage is described in restoration monuments placed on Fujizuka after the damage was repaired, and in modern times in earthquake damage reports or restoration reports.
The aspects of damage range from (1) collapse of the mountain body, (2) cracks in the mountain body, and (3) collapse or damage to roofed structures, installed stone structures, cult objects, and other ritual facilities. For example, the Tago Mountain Fujizuka Restoration Monument in Shiki City is a monument that was damaged and restored during the Meiji Tokyo Earthquake (1894). During the Taisho Kanto Earthquake (1923), in addition to the aforementioned Tagoyama Fujizuka, Arahata Fujizuka in Tokorozawa City and Hatomori Fujizuka in Sendagaya were damaged by collapse, etc. Some of the restored monuments have descriptions of the damage. The damage and the cost of repairing the damage to Fujizuka caused by the Tohoku Earthquake (2011) have been documented in national, local government, and private reports and media reports.
4. Research Direction and Issues in this Study
Fujizuka restoration monuments and restoration records have been left behind at many Fujizuka in various regions, and it is important to confirm the damage history of each Fujizuka. Fuji mounds with a history of damage need to be promptly surveyed and countermeasures taken based on the characteristics of cultural properties and disaster prevention. In the future, we will identify the causes of earthquake damage to Fuji mounds, collect examples of damage, develop survey methods based on the characteristics of cultural properties, and establish the direction of countermeasure methods.
References
1) Restoration inscriptions of each Fujizuka 2) Sinsai yobo tyosakwai hokoku 3 (1895) 3) Tagoyama Fujizuka Management Plan (2015), Report on the Conservation and Repair of Haneda Shrine Fujizuka (2022) Jujodai Site Group III (2023), etc
Fuji faith, which has been handed down to the present day by various people, gave rise to a religious organisation of folk mountain worship called Fuji-ko in the Edo period.
Fuji, and by performing rituals at the foot of Mt Fuji, worshipping there, or climbing the mountain as a form of mountain asceticism, they accepted the spiritual power of the mountain as the basis for the wishes of ordinary people, such as healing of various illnesses, health, travel safety, good relationships, child bearing and safe childbirth. In the second half of the Edo period, the Fuji Ko, a mutual aid organisation that included climbing and other activities, was rapidly developed by Jikigyou Miroku and Murakami Kousei.
However, it was financially and time-consuming for an individual to travel on foot to the distant Mt. Fuji, and women were not even allowed to climb the mountain, which was forbidden to women.
2. Classification and designation of Fujizuka structures as cultural properties
Fujizuka that still exist today in Kanto, Honshu, Shikoku and other regions can be divided into five main types according to their structure. They are (1) those built of lava blocks called kuroboku, gravel and other rocks, (2) those built of earth, (3) those built of a mixture of earth and kuroboku (rocks), (4) those built of concrete, and (5) those built using ancient graves or natural landforms. Some of the Fuji mounds that are outstanding in terms of age of construction, structure, scale and landscape, have preservation societies and Fuji Ko, and still hold annual events, have been designated as tangible folk cultural assets by the national and local governments.
3.Examples of earthquake damage to Fujizuka and restored monuments
Since the Edo period, when Fujizuka was first built, there have been damaging earthquakes that have caused damage to many structures. Some of the damage is described in restoration monuments placed on Fujizuka after the damage was repaired, and in modern times in earthquake damage reports or restoration reports.
The aspects of damage range from (1) collapse of the mountain body, (2) cracks in the mountain body, and (3) collapse or damage to roofed structures, installed stone structures, cult objects, and other ritual facilities. For example, the Tago Mountain Fujizuka Restoration Monument in Shiki City is a monument that was damaged and restored during the Meiji Tokyo Earthquake (1894). During the Taisho Kanto Earthquake (1923), in addition to the aforementioned Tagoyama Fujizuka, Arahata Fujizuka in Tokorozawa City and Hatomori Fujizuka in Sendagaya were damaged by collapse, etc. Some of the restored monuments have descriptions of the damage. The damage and the cost of repairing the damage to Fujizuka caused by the Tohoku Earthquake (2011) have been documented in national, local government, and private reports and media reports.
4. Research Direction and Issues in this Study
Fujizuka restoration monuments and restoration records have been left behind at many Fujizuka in various regions, and it is important to confirm the damage history of each Fujizuka. Fuji mounds with a history of damage need to be promptly surveyed and countermeasures taken based on the characteristics of cultural properties and disaster prevention. In the future, we will identify the causes of earthquake damage to Fuji mounds, collect examples of damage, develop survey methods based on the characteristics of cultural properties, and establish the direction of countermeasure methods.
References
1) Restoration inscriptions of each Fujizuka 2) Sinsai yobo tyosakwai hokoku 3 (1895) 3) Tagoyama Fujizuka Management Plan (2015), Report on the Conservation and Repair of Haneda Shrine Fujizuka (2022) Jujodai Site Group III (2023), etc