*Li Lo^1,2, Simon T. Belt³, Julie Lattaud⁴, Axel Timmermann^5,6, Christian Zeeden⁷, Stefan Schouten^4,8, Lukas Smik³, Tobias Friedrich⁶, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz³, Jyh-Jaan Huang⁹, Liping Zhou¹⁰, Tsong-Hua Ou¹¹, Yuan-Ping Chang¹², Liang-Chi Wang¹³, Yu-Min Chou⁹, Chuan-Chou Shen⁹, Min-Te Chen¹⁴, Kuo-Yen Wei⁹, Sheng-Rong Song⁹, Tien-Hsi Fang¹⁴, Sergey A. Gorbarenko¹⁵, Wei-Lung Wang¹⁶, Teh-Quei Lee¹⁷, Henry Elderfield¹, David A. Hodell¹ (1.Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, 2.State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochecmistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3.Biogeochemical Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, 4.NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, 5.nstitute of Basic Science, Center for Climate Physics, Pusan National University, 6.International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, 7.Lehrstuhl für Physische Geographie und Geoökologie, RWTH Aachen University, 8.Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 9.Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, 10.College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 11.Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 12.Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, 13.Collection Management Department, National Taiwan Museum, 14.Institute of Applied Geosciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, 15.V.I. II'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far East Branch Russian Academy of Science, 16.Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, 17.Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica)

*Shin-ichi Kamikuri¹, Takuya Itaki², Isao Motoyama³, Kenji M. Matsuzaki⁴ (1.Faculty of Education, Ibaraki University, 2.AIST, Geological Survey of Japa, 3.Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Yamagata University, 4.Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo)

*Takuya Itaki¹, Kaoru Niino², Isao Motoyama², Kenji Marc Raymond Matsuzaki⁴, Shin-ichi Kamikuri³ (1.Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, 2.Yamagata University, 3.Ibaraki University, 4.University of Tokyo)

*Satoshi Furota¹, Ken Sawada¹, Chiaki Aoyagi¹, Tomohisa Irino², Yaeko Igarashi³ (1.Department of Natural Histry Science ,Faculty of Science,Hokkaido University, 2.Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, 3.Institute for Paleoenvironment of Northern Regions)

*Xingyan Shen^1,2, Shiming Wan¹ (1.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

*Shunsuke Kurokawa¹, Ryuji Tada¹, Tomohisa Irino², Arisa Seki¹, Masafumi Murayama³ (1.Graduate School of Science,The University of Tokyo, 2.Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, 3.Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University)

*Arisa Seki¹, Ryuji Tada¹, Shunsuke Kurokawa¹, Kazu Mitake¹, Masafumi Murayama² (1.Graduate School of Science,The University of Tokyo, 2.Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University)

*Satoshi Takahashi¹, Ryuji Tada¹, Arisa Seki¹, Tomohisa Irino² (1.Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 2.Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University)

*Shu Oshio¹, Kosei E. Yamaguchi^1,2, Satoshi Takahashi³, Ryuji Tada³, Hiroshi Naraoka⁴, Minoru Ikehara⁵, Asuka Yamaguchi⁶ (1.Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2.NASA Astrobiology Institute, 3.Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4.Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, 5.Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, 6.Atomosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo)

*Saeka Masuda¹, Kosei E. Yamaguchi^1,3, Satoshi Takahashi², Ryuji Tada² (1.Chemistry, Department of science, Toho University , 2.Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 3.NASA Astrobiology Institute)

*Tomohisa Irino¹, Mui Fa Alison Lee², Ryuji Tada³ (1.Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, 2.Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 3.Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)

*Yoichi Usui¹, Samuel Taylor² (1.Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2.Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris)

*Aki Sakuma¹, Ryuji Tada¹, Hongbo Zheng², Tomohiro Kanzaki¹, Bin Wang³, Mengying He⁴, Shunsuke Kurokawa¹ (1.Department of Earth and Planetary Science, School of Science, the University of Tokyo, 2.School of Resource, Environment and Earth Science, Yunnan University, 3.College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, 4.School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University)

*Nozomi Hatano¹, Kohki Yoshida² (1.Interdisciplinary graduate school of Shinshu University, 2.Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University)

*Yoshiaki Suzuki¹, Ryuji Tada¹, Tomohisa Irino², Kazuyoshi Yamada³, Kana Nagashima⁴, Takeshi Nakagawa⁵, Tsuyoshi Haraguchi⁶, Katsuya Gotanda⁷, SG12/06 Project members (1.The University of Tokyo, 2.Hokkaido University, 3.Museum of Natural and Environmental history, Shizuoka, 4.JAMSTEC, 5.Ritsumeikan University, 6.Osaka City University, 7.Chiba University of Commerce)