JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017

講演情報

[EE] 口頭発表

セッション記号 B (地球生命科学) » B-CG 地球生命科学複合領域・一般

[B-CG07] [EE] 地球惑星科学 生命圏フロンティアセッション

2017年5月22日(月) 10:45 〜 12:15 201B (国際会議場 2F)

コンビーナ:高野 淑識(海洋研究開発機構)、鈴木 庸平(東京大学大学院理学系研究科)、福士 圭介(金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター)、柳川 勝紀(九州大学大学院比較社会文化研究院)、座長:福士 圭介(金沢大学環日本海域環境研究センター)、座長:柳川 勝紀(九州大学大学院比較社会文化研究院)、座長:高野 淑識(JAMSTEC)

11:45 〜 12:00

[BCG07-11] Multi-element, compound-specific isotope analysis of chloropigments: Insights into the biogeochemical cycle of the microbial mat in the shallow hypersaline environment

*伊左治 雄太1川幡 穂高1黒田 潤一郎1吉村 寿紘1小川 奈々子2荒岡 大輔3眞壁 明子2鈴木 淳3渋谷 岳造2Jiménez-Espejo Francisco J.2高野 淑識2Lugli Stefano4Santulli Andrea5Manzi Vinicio6Roveri Marco6大河内 直彦2 (1.東京大学大気海洋研究所、2.海洋研究開発機構、3.産業総合技術研究所、4.Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia、5.Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani、6.University of Parma)

キーワード:chloropigments, carbon isotope, nitrogen isotope, magnesium isotope, microbial mat, hypersaline environment

In the last several decades, compound-specific isotope analysis of source-specific organic compounds (biomarkers) enabled scientists to access essential information of modern and past environments. Among numerous biomarkers, chloropigments are particularly powerful because they are synthesized only by photoautotrophs, and their tetrapyrrole nucleus is composed of carbon and nitrogen, thus providing constraints on the physiology of the photoautotrophs and the biogeochemical cycles of the photic zone from both carbon and nitrogen aspects. Another unique characteristic of the chloropigments is that they are metallo-organic complexes with Mg2+ as a central metal ion, potentially providing the opportunity to investigate into the biogeochemical processes that involve Mg. In this study, we investigated carbon, nitrogen, and magnesium isotopic compositions (δ13C, δ15N, δ26Mg) of the chloropigments isolated from the hypersaline benthic microbial mat and gypsum crusts formed in the solar salterns of Trapani, Italy. The mats and the gypsums exhibit stratification of yellow, green, and pink layers, which are inhabited mainly by photosynthetic bacteria such as cyanobacteria and purple sulfur bacteria, together with diverse chemotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms. We measured isotopic compositions of chlorophyll a (Chl a) originating from cyanobacteria living in the upper layers, and bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) from purple sulfur bacteria living directly below. The relationship between Chl a and BChl a were similar for both δ13C and δ15N in all examined samples. Lower δ13C of BChl a (ave. –22.9‰) compared to Chl a (ave. –17.2‰) suggests that purple sulfur bacteria are assimilating 13C-depleted carbon source supplied by mineralization of the organic matter in the deeper parts of the mats and gypsums. Striking difference of δ15N between Chl a (ave. 13.6‰) and BChl a (ave. –2.5‰) indicate that different substrate is utilized by cyanobacteria and purple sulfur bacteria. We infer that cyanobacteria are assimilating 15N-enriched ammonium because δ15N of nitrate ranged between –0.3 to 3.8‰, indicating that nitrate is not the main nitrogen source. Unlike δ13C and δ15N, δ26Mg of Chl a and BChl a did not show any clear trend; δ26Mg of Chl a varied between –1.77‰ and –0.39‰ and that of BChl a –2.13‰ and –0.11‰, on DSM3 scale. Moreover, δ26Mg of Mg2+ in the brine ranged between –0.88 to –1.12‰, indicating that there are apparently both positive and negative isotopic fractionation between the source Mg and the chloropigments. Although more fundamental studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms determining Mg isotopic signature of the chloropigments, our results imply that δ26Mg of chloropigments may vary substantially in response to the changing physiological states and environmental conditions of the photoautotrophs.